PMID- 22355437
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120619
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1937-8688 (Electronic)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2011
TI  - Disseminated infections due to Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome after 
      highly active antiretroviral therapy--report of 3 cases from Nigeria.
PG  - 38
LID - 38
AB  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndromes (IRIS) are exaggerated pathological 
      inflammatory reactions occurring after initiation of highly active antiretroviral 
      therapy (HAART) due to exuberant immune responses to occult or apparent 
      opportunistic infections or cancers. In view of paucity of studies from Nigeria, 
      we report 3 cases of IRIS presenting as disseminated infections in HIV-1 infected 
      patients initiating HAART. The first case was a previously healthy female who 
      developed disseminated tuberculosis after 4 weeks of regular HAART. Her HAART 
      regimen was continued and she improved after commencement of anti-tuberculosis 
      drugs, with evidence of progressive increase in CD4 cell count. The second case 
      was a HAART-experienced female who stopped her drugs for 4 months. Two months 
      after recommencement of her previous HAART regimen, she developed features of 
      disseminated herpes zoster infection, despite evidence of decrease in viral load 
      by 95%. HAART was continued and she recovered completely after receiving 
      valaciclovir tablets and antibiotics. The third patient was a female student who 
      was commenced HAART on account of chronic cough and weight loss. Three months 
      after regular HAART, she developed features of disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma 
      involving the skin, oropharynx and lungs, despite evidence of 42% increase in CD4 
      cell count. Unfortunately, she rapidly deteriorated and died during the course of 
      management. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of IRIS in HIV-infected 
      patients initiated or re-initiated on HAART. There is need for future prospective 
      studies determining risk factors for IRIS in HIV-infected patients from Nigeria.
FAU - Ogoina, Dimie
AU  - Ogoina D
AD  - Department of Medicine, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau state, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Adekunle, Victor
AU  - Adekunle V
FAU - Obiako, Reginald
AU  - Obiako R
FAU - Umar, Abdulaziz
AU  - Umar A
FAU - Akolawole, Michael
AU  - Akolawole M
FAU - Ovosi, Joseph
AU  - Ovosi J
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110816
PL  - Uganda
TA  - Pan Afr Med J
JT  - The Pan African medical journal
JID - 101517926
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - HG18B9YRS7 (Valine)
RN  - MZ1IW7Q79D (Valacyclovir)
RN  - X4HES1O11F (Acyclovir)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acyclovir/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
MH  - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects
MH  - Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - CD4 Lymphocyte Count
MH  - Disease Susceptibility
MH  - Fatal Outcome
MH  - Female
MH  - HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy
MH  - *HIV-1
MH  - Herpes Zoster/drug therapy/*etiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/*complications
MH  - Nigeria
MH  - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms/*etiology
MH  - Sarcoma, Kaposi/*etiology
MH  - Skin Neoplasms/*etiology
MH  - Tuberculosis, Miliary/*etiology
MH  - Valacyclovir
MH  - Valine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
MH  - Viral Load
MH  - Viremia/drug therapy/*etiology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3215560
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HAART
OT  - HERPES
OT  - HIV
OT  - IRIS tuberculosis
OT  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndromes
OT  - Nigeria
OT  - VZV
EDAT- 2012/02/23 06:00
MHDA- 2012/06/20 06:00
PMCR- 2011/08/16
CRDT- 2012/02/23 06:00
PHST- 2011/01/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/08/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/02/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/02/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/06/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/08/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PAMJ-09-38 [pii]
AID - 10.4314/pamj.v9i1.71216 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pan Afr Med J. 2011;9:38. doi: 10.4314/pamj.v9i1.71216. Epub 2011 Aug 16.