PMID- 22363736
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120629
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012
TI  - Acaricide residues in laying hens naturally infested by red mite Dermanyssus 
      gallinae.
PG  - e31795
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0031795 [doi]
LID - e31795
AB  - In the poultry industry, control of the red mite D. gallinae primarily relies 
      worldwide on acaricides registered for use in agriculture or for livestock, and 
      those most widely used are carbamates, followed by amidines, pyrethroids and 
      organophosphates. Due to the repeated use of acaricides--sometimes in high 
      concentrations--to control infestation, red mites may become resistant, and 
      acaricides may accumulate in chicken organs and tissues, and also in eggs. To 
      highlight some situations of misuse/abuse of chemicals and of risk to human 
      health, we investigated laying hens, destined to the slaughterhouse, for the 
      presence of acaricide residues in their organs and tissues. We used 45 hens from 
      which we collected a total of 225 samples from the following tissues and organs: 
      skin, fat, liver, muscle, hearth, and kidney. In these samples we analyzed the 
      residual contents of carbaryl and permethrin by LC-MS/MS.Ninety-one (40.4%) 
      samples were positive to carbaryl and four samples (1.7%) were positive to 
      permethrin. Concentrations of carbaryl exceeding the detection limit (0.005 ppm) 
      were registered in the skin and fat of birds from two farms (p<0.01), although 
      these concentrations remained below the maximum residue limit (MRLs) (0.05 ppm) 
      (p<0.01). All organs/tissues of hens from a third farm were significantly more 
      contaminated, with skin and muscle samples exceeding the MRL (0.05 ppm) (p<0.01) 
      of carbaryl in force before its use was banned. Out of 45 chickens tested, 37 
      (82.2%) were found to be contaminated by carbaryl, and 4 (8.8%) by permethrin. 
      The present study is the first report on the presence of pesticides banned by the 
      EU (carbaryl) or not licensed for use (permethrin) in the organs and tissues of 
      laying hens, which have been treated against red mites, and then slaughtered for 
      human consumption at the end of their life cycle.
FAU - Marangi, Marianna
AU  - Marangi M
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni, dell'Ingegneria e della Meccanica e 
      dell'Economia Applicate ai Sistemi Agro-Zootecnici, University of Foggia, Foggia, 
      Italy.
FAU - Morelli, Vincenzo
AU  - Morelli V
FAU - Pati, Sandra
AU  - Pati S
FAU - Camarda, Antonio
AU  - Camarda A
FAU - Cafiero, Maria Assunta
AU  - Cafiero MA
FAU - Giangaspero, Annunziata
AU  - Giangaspero A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120221
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Acaricides)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 509F88P9SZ (Permethrin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acaricides/*toxicity
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chickens/*parasitology
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Humans
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Mite Infestations/*veterinary
MH  - Mites/*drug effects
MH  - Organ Specificity/drug effects
MH  - Oviposition/*drug effects
MH  - Permethrin/analysis
MH  - Pesticide Residues/analysis/*toxicity
PMC - PMC3283649
COIS- Competing Interests: A coauthor (Vincenzo Morelli) is employed by the Laboratorio 
      Bonassisa Consorzio ASI. This lab provided us with the following equipment: 
      Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectometry. This does not alter the authors' 
      adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and material.
EDAT- 2012/03/01 06:00
MHDA- 2012/06/30 06:00
PMCR- 2012/02/21
CRDT- 2012/02/25 06:00
PHST- 2011/06/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/01/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/02/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/03/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/06/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/02/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-11-12799 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0031795 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31795. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031795. Epub 2012 Feb 21.