PMID- 22375946
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120904
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1547-6901 (Electronic)
IS  - 1547-691X (Print)
IS  - 1547-691X (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012 Apr-Jun
TI  - The identification of a sensitizing component used in the manufacturing of an ink 
      ribbon.
PG  - 193-200
LID - 10.3109/1547691X.2011.654364 [doi]
AB  - Skin diseases including dermatitis constitute  approximately  30% of all occupational 
      illnesses, with a high incidence in the printing industry. An outbreak of contact 
      dermatitis among employees at an ink ribbon manufacturing plant was investigated 
      by scientists from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 
      (NIOSH). Employees in the process areas of the plant were exposed to numerous 
      chemicals and many had experienced skin rashes, especially after the introduction 
      of a new ink ribbon product. To identify the causative agent(s) of the 
      occupational dermatitis, the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) was used to 
      identify the potential of the chemicals used in the manufacture of the ink ribbon 
      to induce allergic contact dermatitis. Follow-up patch testing with the suspected 
      allergens was conducted on exposed employees. Polyvinyl butyral, a chemical 
      component used in the manufacture of the ink ribbon in question and other 
      products, tested positive in the LLNA, with an EC3 of 3.6%, which identifies it 
      as a potential sensitizer; however, no employees tested positive to this chemical 
      during skin patch testing. This finding has implications beyond those described 
      in this report because of occupational exposure to polyvinyl butyral outside of 
      the printing industry.
FAU - Anderson, Stacey E
AU  - Anderson SE
AD  - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety 
      and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. sanderson4@cdc.gov
FAU - Tapp, Loren
AU  - Tapp L
FAU - Durgam, Srinivas
AU  - Durgam S
FAU - Meade, B Jean
AU  - Meade BJ
FAU - Jackson, Laurel G
AU  - Jackson LG
FAU - Cohen, David E
AU  - Cohen DE
LA  - eng
GR  - CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DEP - 20120301
PL  - England
TA  - J Immunotoxicol
JT  - Journal of immunotoxicology
JID - 101201960
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allergens/*toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*etiology
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunization
MH  - Industry
MH  - *Ink
MH  - Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.
MH  - Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Patch Tests/methods
MH  - United States
PMC - PMC4683595
MID - NIHMS744233
OID - NLM: HHSPA744233
COIS- Declaration of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors 
      alone are responsible for the content of this manuscript.
EDAT- 2012/03/02 06:00
MHDA- 2012/09/05 06:00
PMCR- 2015/12/18
CRDT- 2012/03/02 06:00
PHST- 2012/03/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/03/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/09/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/12/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3109/1547691X.2011.654364 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Immunotoxicol. 2012 Apr-Jun;9(2):193-200. doi: 10.3109/1547691X.2011.654364. 
      Epub 2012 Mar 1.