PMID- 22393535
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130808
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 2157-1422 (Electronic)
IS  - 2157-1422 (Linking)
VI  - 2
IP  - 3
DP  - 2012 Mar
TI  - HIV prevention by oral preexposure prophylaxis.
PG  - a007419
LID - 10.1101/cshperspect.a007419 [doi]
LID - a007419
AB  - The impressive advances in antiretroviral (ARV) therapy of chronic human 
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections during the last decade and the 
      availability of potent ARV drugs have fueled interest in using chemoprophylaxis 
      as a novel HIV prevention strategy. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) refers to the 
      use of ARV drugs in HIV-negative persons to prevent HIV infection. The rationale 
      for PrEP builds on the success of ARV prophylaxis in preventing mother-to-child 
      transmission of HIV and on a large body of animal studies that show the efficacy 
      of PrEP against mucosal and parenteral infection. We focus on oral administration 
      of ARV drugs for prevention of HIV infection. Identifying an effective 
      prophylactic pill that individuals can take outside the setting of sexual 
      intercourse precludes the necessity to disclose such use to their partners, 
      thereby empowering those who might not be in a position to negotiate with their 
      partners. Several human clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of daily regimens 
      of the HIV reverse-transcriptase (RT) inhibitors tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 
      (TDF) or Truvada (TDF and emtricitabine [FTC]) are under way among high-risk 
      populations. The results of one trial among men who have sex with men showed that 
      daily Truvada was safe and effective, providing the first support for oral PrEP 
      as a prevention strategy. Here we outline the preclinical and clinical research 
      on oral PrEP, pharmacologic considerations, and future directions and challenges.
FAU - Heneine, Walid
AU  - Heneine W
AD  - Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, 
      Hepatitis, STD, and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 
      Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. wheneine@cdc.gov
FAU - Kashuba, Angela
AU  - Kashuba A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med
JT  - Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine
JID - 101571139
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Organophosphonates)
RN  - 99YXE507IL (Tenofovir)
RN  - JAC85A2161 (Adenine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenine/administration & dosage/analogs & 
      derivatives/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Female
MH  - HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission
MH  - *HIV Seronegativity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mucous Membrane/metabolism
MH  - Organophosphonates/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Rectum/metabolism
MH  - Tenofovir
MH  - Vagina/metabolism
MH  - Virus Replication/physiology
PMC - PMC3282498
EDAT- 2012/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2012/03/07 06:01
PMCR- 2012/03/01
CRDT- 2012/03/07 06:00
PHST- 2012/03/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/03/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2012/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - a007419 [pii]
AID - 10.1101/cshperspect.a007419 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Mar;2(3):a007419. doi: 
      10.1101/cshperspect.a007419.