PMID- 22406345
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130128
LR  - 20181201
IS  - 1873-2542 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-1135 (Linking)
VI  - 158
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2012 Jul 6
TI  - ORF1 but not ORF2 dependent differences are important for in vitro replication of 
      PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages singularly or coinfected with PRRSV.
PG  - 95-103
LID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.013 [doi]
AB  - The objective of this study was to investigate cytokine expression and in vitro 
      replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and 
      respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) 
      emphasizing PCV2 open-reading frame (ORF) origin (PCV2a or PCV2b) and PRRSV 
      strain. Chimeric PCV2 viruses composed of different combinations of ORF1 and ORF2 
      of PCV2a or PCV2b (chimera PCV2a-2b and chimera PCV2b-2a) were constructed and 
      five different PRRSV isolates were utilized: Type 1 (SD 01-08) or type 2 
      (NC16845b, VR-2332, MN-184, JA-142). PAMs were infected singularly or with 
      combinations of PCV2b, PCV2a, chimera PCV2a-2b, and chimera PCV2b-2a, and one of 
      the five PRRSV isolates. Real-time PCR was used to test PAMs (PCV2 mRNA) and 
      supernatants (PRRSV RNA, PCV2 DNA, PCV2 mRNA) harvested at 24, 48, 72 and 96h 
      post inoculation (hpi). Levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-10 were determined by 
      quantitative ELISAs. PCV2 replication in PAMs was limited to groups inoculated 
      with PCV2 strains containing ORF1 of PCV2a (PCV2a, chimera PCV2a-2b). 
      Furthermore, in supernatants, PCV2 mRNA was only detected in groups coinfected 
      with PRRSV regardless of strain at 48hpi supporting an enhancing effect of PRRSV 
      on PCV2 infection. Changes in cytokine levels were minimal and associated with 
      PRRSV strain for TNF-alpha. In summary, in vitro differences in PCV2 replication in 
      PAMs inoculated with different PCV2-PRRSV combinations were independent of PCV2 
      ORF2 origin with minimal effects of concurrent PRRSV infection perhaps indicating 
      that PCV2-specific changes in ORF1 may be more important than those in ORF2.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sinha, Avanti
AU  - Sinha A
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA.
FAU - Lin, Kathy
AU  - Lin K
FAU - Hemann, Michelle
AU  - Hemann M
FAU - Shen, Huigang
AU  - Shen H
FAU - Beach, Nathan M
AU  - Beach NM
FAU - Ledesma, Carmen
AU  - Ledesma C
FAU - Meng, Xiang-Jin
AU  - Meng XJ
FAU - Wang, Chong
AU  - Wang C
FAU - Halbur, Patrick G
AU  - Halbur PG
FAU - Opriessnig, Tanja
AU  - Opriessnig T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120217
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Microbiol
JT  - Veterinary microbiology
JID - 7705469
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Survival
MH  - Circoviridae Infections/*virology
MH  - Circovirus/*physiology
MH  - Cytokines/analysis/*genetics
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Macrophages, Alveolar/cytology/immunology/*virology
MH  - Open Reading Frames
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*physiology
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Sus scrofa
MH  - Swine
EDAT- 2012/03/13 06:00
MHDA- 2013/01/29 06:00
CRDT- 2012/03/13 06:00
PHST- 2011/12/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/02/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/02/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/03/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/03/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/01/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0378-1135(12)00123-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Microbiol. 2012 Jul 6;158(1-2):95-103. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.013. 
      Epub 2012 Feb 17.