PMID- 22411248
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120410
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 0065-2598 (Print)
IS  - 0065-2598 (Linking)
VI  - 724
DP  - 2012
TI  - Neurodegeneration in diabetes mellitus.
PG  - 258-65
LID - 10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_19 [doi]
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a group of heterogeneous disorders with the 
      common elements of hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance due to insulin 
      deficiency, impaired effectiveness of insulin action, or both. The prevalence of 
      Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases with age and dementia also increases 
      its incidence in later life. Recent studies have revealed that T2DM is a risk 
      factor for cognitive dysfunction or dementia, especially those related to 
      Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin resistance, which is often associated with 
      T2DM, may induce a deficiency of insulin effects in the central nervous system 
      (CNS). Insulin may have a neuroprotective role and may have some impact on 
      acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis. Hyperinsulinemia, induced by insulin resistance 
      occurring in T2DM, may be associated with insulin deficiency caused by reduced 
      insulin transport via the blood brain barrier (BBB). Insulin has multiple 
      important functions in the brain. Some basic research, however, suggests that 
      insulin accelerates Alzheimer-related pathology through its effects on the 
      amyloid beta (Abeta) metabolism and tau phosphorylation.Asymptomatic ischemic 
      lesions in T2DM subjects may lower the threshold for the development of dementia 
      and this may explain the inconsistency between the basic research and 
      clinicopathological studies.More research to elucidate the mechanism of 
      neurodegeneration associated with T2DM is warranted.
FAU - Umegaki, Hiroyuki
AU  - Umegaki H
AD  - Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 
      Aichi, Japan. umegaki@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Adv Exp Med Biol
JT  - Advances in experimental medicine and biology
JID - 0121103
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Blood Glucose
MH  - Brain/*pathology
MH  - Cognition Disorders/etiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Neurodegenerative Diseases/*etiology
EDAT- 2012/03/14 06:00
MHDA- 2012/04/11 06:00
CRDT- 2012/03/14 06:00
PHST- 2012/03/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/03/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/04/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_19 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;724:258-65. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_19.