PMID- 22425240
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120727
LR  - 20120403
IS  - 1095-8606 (Electronic)
IS  - 0047-2484 (Linking)
VI  - 62
IP  - 4
DP  - 2012 Apr
TI  - New ages for Middle and Later Stone Age deposits at Mumba rockshelter, Tanzania: 
      optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz and feldspar grains.
PG  - 533-47
LID - 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.02.004 [doi]
AB  - The archaeological deposits at Mumba rockshelter, northern Tanzania, have been 
      excavated for more than 70 years, starting with Margit and Ludwig Kohl-Larsen in 
      the 1930s. The assemblages of Middle Stone Age (MSA) and Later Stone Age (LSA) 
      artefacts collected from this site constitute the type sequences for these 
      cultural phases in East Africa. Despite its archaeological importance, however, 
      the chronology of the site is poorly constrained, despite the application since 
      the 1980s of several dating methods (radiocarbon, uranium-series and amino acid 
      racemisation) to a variety of materials recovered from the deposits. Here, we 
      review these previous chronologies for Mumba and report new ages obtained from 
      optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and infrared stimulated luminescence 
      (IRSL) measurements on single grains of quartz and multi-grain aliquots of 
      potassium (K) feldspar from the MSA and LSA deposits. Measurements of single 
      grains of quartz allowed the rejection of unrepresentative grains and the 
      application of appropriate statistical models to obtain the most reliable age 
      estimates, while measurements of K-feldspars allowed the chronology to be 
      extended to older deposits. The seven quartz ages and four K-feldspar ages 
      provide improved temporal constraints on the archaeological sequence at Mumba. 
      The deposits associated with the latest Kisele Industry (Bed VI-A) and the 
      earliest Mumba Industry (Bed V) are dated to 63.4 +/- 5.7 and 56.9 +/- 4.8 ka 
      (thousands of years ago), respectively, thus constraining the time of transition 
      between these two archaeological phases to ~60 ka. An age of 49.1 +/- 4.3 ka has 
      been obtained for the latest deposits associated with the Mumba Industry, which 
      show no evidence for post-depositional mixing and contain ostrich eggshell (OES) 
      beads and abundant microlithics. The Nasera Industry deposits (Bed III) contain 
      large quantities of OES beads and date to 36.8 +/- 3.4 ka. We compare the 
      luminescence ages with the previous chronologies for Mumba, and briefly discuss 
      how the revised chronology fits in the context of existing archaeological records 
      and palaeoclimatic reconstructions for East Africa.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gliganic, Luke A
AU  - Gliganic LA
AD  - Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 
      University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
FAU - Jacobs, Zenobia
AU  - Jacobs Z
FAU - Roberts, Richard G
AU  - Roberts RG
FAU - Dominguez-Rodrigo, Manuel
AU  - Dominguez-Rodrigo M
FAU - Mabulla, Audax Z P
AU  - Mabulla AZ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120317
PL  - England
TA  - J Hum Evol
JT  - Journal of human evolution
JID - 0337330
RN  - 0 (Aluminum Silicates)
RN  - 0 (Potassium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Radioisotopes)
RN  - 12168-80-8 (feldspar)
RN  - 14808-60-7 (Quartz)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aluminum Silicates/*chemistry
MH  - *Archaeology
MH  - *Chronology as Topic
MH  - Humans
MH  - Luminescence
MH  - Luminescent Measurements
MH  - Potassium Compounds/*chemistry
MH  - Quartz/*chemistry
MH  - *Radioisotopes
MH  - Radiometric Dating
MH  - Tanzania
EDAT- 2012/03/20 06:00
MHDA- 2012/07/28 06:00
CRDT- 2012/03/20 06:00
PHST- 2011/09/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/02/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/02/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/03/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/03/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/07/28 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0047-2484(12)00034-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.02.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hum Evol. 2012 Apr;62(4):533-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.02.004. Epub 2012 
      Mar 17.