PMID- 22448448
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120615
LR  - 20130731
IS  - 1018-9068 (Print)
IS  - 1018-9068 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 1
DP  - 2012
TI  - Local and systemic safety of intranasal corticosteroids.
PG  - 1-12
AB  - The safety and efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids (INCs) are well established 
      for the management of allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyps. As 
      seen in numerous studies, INCs demonstrate markedly reduced systemic 
      bioavailability compared with oral and even inhaled corticosteroids and have 
      shown an excellent safety profile over 3 decades of use. Nonetheless, concerns 
      remain among some prescribers and patients that these agents may reach the 
      systemic circulation in sufficient concentration to produce adverse effects 
      (AEs). Available evidence does not support these concerns. A review of the 
      published literature indicates that the side effect profiles of INCs consist 
      primarily of a low incidence of mostly mild and often transient local AEs, such 
      as nasal irritation and epistaxis.The second-generation INC agents currently in 
      use (mometasone furoate nasal spray, fluticasone propionate, ciclesonide, and 
      fluticasone furoate) have favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics that further 
      minimize systemic bioavailability (< 1%) compared with older INCs and compared 
      with oral agents, thereby limiting the risk for systemic adverse events.
FAU - Sastre, J
AU  - Sastre J
AD  - Servicio de Alergia, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 
      Madrid, Spain. jsastre@fjd.es
FAU - Mosges, R
AU  - Mosges R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Spain
TA  - J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol
JT  - Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology
JID - 9107858
RN  - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Intranasal
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*administration & dosage/*adverse 
      effects/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Biological Availability
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nasal Polyps/drug therapy
MH  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
MH  - Sinusitis/drug therapy
EDAT- 2012/03/28 06:00
MHDA- 2012/06/16 06:00
CRDT- 2012/03/28 06:00
PHST- 2012/03/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/03/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/06/16 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2012;22(1):1-12.