PMID- 22474621
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120823
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 2218-5836 (Electronic)
IS  - 2218-5836 (Linking)
VI  - 1
IP  - 1
DP  - 2010 Nov 18
TI  - Bone fragility in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PG  - 3-9
LID - 10.5312/wjo.v1.i1.3 [doi]
AB  - The number of patients with osteoporosis or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is 
      increasing in aging and westernized societies. Both disorders predispose elderly 
      people to disabling conditions by causing fractures and vascular complications, 
      respectively. Recent animal studies have shown that administration of 
      osteocalcin, which is specifically secreted from osteoblasts, can increase 
      insulin secretion and ameliorate hyperglycemia, obesity, and high triglyceride 
      levels in mice fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, several studies have shown that 
      antagonism of Wnt signaling by oxidative stress contributes to the development of 
      osteoporosis, as well as insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. Thus, bone 
      metabolism and glucose/fat metabolism seem to be etiologically related to each 
      other. Meta-analyses of multiple clinical studies in humans have shown that hip 
      fracture risk of T2DM patients is increased by 1.4-1.7-fold, although bone 
      mineral density (BMD) is not diminished. Vertebral fracture risk of T2DM patients 
      is also increased, and BMD is not sensitive enough to assess the risk. These 
      findings suggest that bone fragility in T2DM, which is not reflected by BMD, 
      depends on bone quality deterioration rather than bone mass reduction. Thus, 
      surrogate markers are needed to replace the insensitivity of BMD in assessing 
      fracture risks of T2DM patients. Pentosidine, the endogenous secretory receptor 
      for advanced glycation endproducts, and insulin-like growth factor-I seem to be 
      such candidates, although further studies are required to clarify whether or not 
      these markers could predict the occurrence of new fractures of T2DM patients in a 
      prospective fashion.
FAU - Yamaguchi, Toru
AU  - Yamaguchi T
AD  - Toru Yamaguchi, Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 
      Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - World J Orthop
JT  - World journal of orthopedics
JID - 101576349
PMC - PMC3302026
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Fracture risk
OT  - Osteocalcin
OT  - Osteoporosis
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
OT  - Wnt signaling
EDAT- 2010/11/18 00:00
MHDA- 2010/11/18 00:01
PMCR- 2010/11/18
CRDT- 2012/04/05 06:00
PHST- 2010/06/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/07/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/08/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/04/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/11/18 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/11/18 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2010/11/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.5312/wjo.v1.i1.3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - World J Orthop. 2010 Nov 18;1(1):3-9. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v1.i1.3.