PMID- 22494520
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130507
LR  - 20121120
IS  - 1873-264X (Electronic)
IS  - 0731-7085 (Linking)
VI  - 73
DP  - 2013 Jan 25
TI  - Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis 
      and time-of-flight mass spectrometry for urine analysis.
PG  - 82-9
LID - S0731-7085(12)00159-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.036 [doi]
AB  - The combination of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with 
      capillary electrophoresis (CE) and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) 
      was evaluated for the toxicological screening in urine samples. A methodology 
      based on design of experiments (DOE) was implemented to increase the extraction 
      efficiency. Dichloromethane and isopropanol were selected as the extraction and 
      dispersing solvents, respectively. Seven factors for DLLME were screened with the 
      help of a Plackett-Burmann DOE using two model compounds before fine 
      investigation of the important parameters to maximise the compound extraction. 
      These experiments were performed in the CE-UV configuration to overcome potential 
      MS matrix effects. The performance of the entire procedure was then evaluated 
      using CE-ESI-TOF-MS. With a preconcentration factor of more than 130, the highly 
      sensitive DLLME-CE-ESI-TOF-MS method allowed for the detection of 30 
      toxicological compounds (i.e., amphetamines and their derivatives, opiates, 
      cocaine and its metabolites and pharmaceuticals) in urine with limits of 
      detection in the sub-ng/mL level and was used to analyse real toxicological 
      samples. The combination of DLLME and CE was particularly attractive because of 
      the small amount of organic solvents required.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Kohler, Isabelle
AU  - Kohler I
AD  - School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 
      Bd'Yvoy 20, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
FAU - Schappler, Julie
AU  - Schappler J
FAU - Sierro, Tatiana
AU  - Sierro T
FAU - Rudaz, Serge
AU  - Rudaz S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120326
PL  - England
TA  - J Pharm Biomed Anal
JT  - Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
JID - 8309336
RN  - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations)
SB  - IM
MH  - Electrophoresis, Capillary/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liquid Phase Microextraction/*methods
MH  - Pharmaceutical Preparations/*urine
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/*methods
MH  - Urinalysis/*methods
EDAT- 2012/04/13 06:00
MHDA- 2013/05/08 06:00
CRDT- 2012/04/13 06:00
PHST- 2011/11/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/03/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/03/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/04/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/04/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/05/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0731-7085(12)00159-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.036 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2013 Jan 25;73:82-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.036. Epub 
      2012 Mar 26.