PMID- 22497613
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120813
LR  - 20230919
IS  - 1750-3639 (Electronic)
IS  - 1015-6305 (Print)
IS  - 1015-6305 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 3
DP  - 2012 May
TI  - Epileptic encephalitis: the role of the innate and adaptive immune system.
PG  - 412-21
LID - 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00580.x [doi]
AB  - Seizures are a prominent clinical feature of encephalitis. Recent data suggest 
      the adaptive as well as innate immune system to be involved directly in the 
      pathomechanism of epileptogenesis. Cytotoxic T-cells and antibody-mediated 
      complement activation are major components of the adaptive immune system, which 
      can induce neurodegeneration, thereby probably contributing to epileptic 
      encephalitis. The innate immune system operates via interleukin-1 and toll-like 
      receptor-associated mechanisms and was shown to play a direct role in 
      epileptogenesis. Here, we review neuropathology hallmarks of various encephalitis 
      conditions such as Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) but also introduce the more 
      recently discovered antibody-associated voltage-gated potassium channel complex 
      (VGKC), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) or glutamic acid decarboxylase 
      (GAD) 65 encephalitides. Neuropathological investigations are used to determine 
      specific cellular components and molecular mechanisms used by the immune system 
      to provoke neurodegeneration and to promote epileptogenesis. Based on recent 
      findings, we propose concepts for the stratification of epileptic encephalitis. 
      Knowledge of the role of the innate immunity has already translated into clinical 
      treatment strategies and may help to discover novel drug targets for these 
      epileptic disorders.
CI  - (c) 2012 The Authors; Brain Pathology (c) 2012 International Society of 
      Neuropathology.
FAU - Bauer, Jan
AU  - Bauer J
AD  - Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria. 
      jan.bauer@meduniwien.ac.at
FAU - Vezzani, Annamaria
AU  - Vezzani A
FAU - Bien, Christian G
AU  - Bien CG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Brain Pathol
JT  - Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)
JID - 9216781
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptive Immunity/*immunology
MH  - Encephalitis/*immunology
MH  - Epilepsy/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune System/immunology
MH  - Immunity, Innate/immunology
PMC - PMC8029258
EDAT- 2012/04/14 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/14 06:00
PMCR- 2012/04/12
CRDT- 2012/04/14 06:00
PHST- 2012/04/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/04/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/04/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - BPA580 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00580.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Brain Pathol. 2012 May;22(3):412-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00580.x.