PMID- 22506053
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121017
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 4
DP  - 2012
TI  - Impact of migration and acculturation on prevalence of type 2 diabetes and 
      related eye complications in Indians living in a newly urbanised society.
PG  - e34829
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0034829 [doi]
LID - e34829
AB  - BACKGROUND: Health of migrants is a major public health challenge faced by 
      governments and policy makers. Asian Indians are among the fastest growing 
      migration groups across Asia and the world, but the impact of migration and 
      acculturation on diabetes and diabetes-related eye complications among Indians 
      living in urban Asia remains unclear. METHODOLOGIES/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We 
      evaluated the influence of migration and acculturation (i.e., migration status 
      and length of residence) on the prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 
      diabetes-related eye complications (diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataract), 
      among first-generation (defined as participant born in India with both parents 
      born in India, n = 781) and second-generation (participants born in Singapore 
      with both parents born in India, n = 1,112) Indian immigrants from a 
      population-based study of Adult Indians in Singapore. Diabetes was defined as 
      HbA1c>/=6.5%, use of diabetic medication or a physician diagnosis of diabetes. 
      Retinal and lens photographs were graded for the presence of DR and cataract. 
      Compared to first generation immigrants, second generation immigrants had a 
      higher age- and gender-standardized prevalence of T2DM (34.4% versus 29.0%, 
      p<0.001), and, in those with T2DM, higher age- and gender-standardized prevalence 
      of DR (31.7% versus 24.8%, p<0.001), nuclear cataract (13.6% versus 11.6%, 
      p<0.001), and posterior sub-capsular cataract (6.4% versus 4.6%, p<0.001). Among 
      first generation migrants, longer length of residence was associated with 
      significantly younger age of diagnosis of diabetes and greater likelihood of 
      having T2DM and diabetes-related eye complications. CONCLUSION: Second generation 
      immigrant Indians and longer length of residence are associated with higher 
      prevalence of diabetes and diabetes-related complications (i.e., DR and cataract) 
      among migrant Indians living in Singapore. These data highlight potential 
      worldwide impacts of migration patterns on the risk and burden of diabetes.
FAU - Zheng, Yingfeng
AU  - Zheng Y
AD  - Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 
      Singapore.
FAU - Lamoureux, Ecosse L
AU  - Lamoureux EL
FAU - Ikram, M Kamran
AU  - Ikram MK
FAU - Mitchell, Paul
AU  - Mitchell P
FAU - Wang, Jie Jin
AU  - Wang JJ
FAU - Younan, Christine
AU  - Younan C
FAU - Anuar, Ainur Rahman
AU  - Anuar AR
FAU - Tai, E-Shyong
AU  - Tai ES
FAU - Wong, Tien Y
AU  - Wong TY
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120410
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Asian People
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Complications/*epidemiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology
MH  - Emigration and Immigration/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Eye Diseases/*epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Urbanization
PMC - PMC3323593
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2012/04/17 06:00
MHDA- 2012/10/18 06:00
PMCR- 2012/04/10
CRDT- 2012/04/17 06:00
PHST- 2011/11/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/03/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/04/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/04/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/10/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/04/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-11-23528 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0034829 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34829. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034829. Epub 2012 Apr 10.