PMID- 22511117
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120806
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1934-9262 (Electronic)
IS  - 1934-9254 (Linking)
VI  - Chapter 20
DP  - 2012 Feb
TI  - The local lymph node assay (LLNA).
PG  - Unit 20.7
LID - 10.1002/0471140856.tx2007s51 [doi]
AB  - The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a widely accepted method for 
      assessing the skin sensitization potential of chemicals. Compared with other in 
      vivo methods in guinea pig, the LLNA offers important advantages with respect to 
      animal welfare, including a requirement for reduced animal numbers as well as 
      reduced pain and trauma. In addition to hazard identification, the LLNA is used 
      for determining the relative skin sensitizing potency of contact allergens as a 
      pivotal contribution to the risk assessment process. The LLNA is the only in vivo 
      method that has been subjected to a formal validation process. The original LLNA 
      protocol is based on measurement of the proliferative activity of draining lymph 
      node cells (LNC), as determined by incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine. 
      Several variants to the original LLNA have been developed to eliminate the use of 
      radioactive materials. One such alternative is considered here: the 
      LLNA:BrdU-ELISA method, which uses 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in place of 
      radiolabeled thymidine to measure LNC proliferation in draining nodes.
CI  - (c) 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FAU - Rovida, Costanza
AU  - Rovida C
AD  - CAAT Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
FAU - Ryan, Cindy
AU  - Ryan C
FAU - Cinelli, Serena
AU  - Cinelli S
FAU - Basketter, David
AU  - Basketter D
FAU - Dearman, Rebecca
AU  - Dearman R
FAU - Kimber, Ian
AU  - Kimber I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Validation Study
PL  - United States
TA  - Curr Protoc Toxicol
JT  - Current protocols in toxicology
JID - 9816330
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Female
MH  - *Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Lymph Nodes/*drug effects
MH  - Mice
MH  - Risk Assessment
EDAT- 2012/04/19 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/07 06:00
CRDT- 2012/04/19 06:00
PHST- 2012/04/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/04/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/0471140856.tx2007s51 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Protoc Toxicol. 2012 Feb;Chapter 20:Unit 20.7. doi: 
      10.1002/0471140856.tx2007s51.