PMID- 22545547
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120521
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0005-2086 (Print)
IS  - 0005-2086 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 1
DP  - 2012 Mar
TI  - Use of FTA sampling cards for molecular detection of avian influenza virus in 
      wild birds.
PG  - 200-7
AB  - Current avian influenza (AI) virus surveillance programs involving wild birds 
      rely on sample collection methods that require refrigeration or low temperature 
      freezing to maintain sample integrity for virus isolation and/or 
      reverse-transcriptase (RT) PCR. Maintaining the cold chain is critical for the 
      success of these diagnostic assays but is not always possible under field 
      conditions. The aim of this study was to test the utility of Finders Technology 
      Associates (FTA) cards for reliable detection of AI virus from cloacal and 
      oropharyngeal swabs of wild birds. The minimum detectable titer was determined, 
      and the effect of room temperature storage was evaluated experimentally using 
      multiple egg-propagated stock viruses (n = 6). Using real time RT-PCR, we 
      compared results from paired cloacal swab and samples collected on FTA cards from 
      both experimentally infected mallards (Anasplatyrhynchos) and hunter-harvested 
      waterfowl sampled along the Texas Gulf Coast. Based on the laboratory trials, the 
      average minimal detectable viral titer was determined to be 1 x 10(4.7) median 
      embryo infectious dose (EID50)/ml (range: 1 x 10(4.3) to 1 x 10(5.4) EID50/ml), 
      and viral RNA was consistently detectable on the FTA cards for a minimum of 20 
      days and up to 30 days for most subtypes at room temperature (23 C) storage. 
      Real-time RT-PCR of samples collected using the FTA cards showed fair to good 
      agreement in live birds when compared with both real-time RT-PCR and virus 
      isolation of swabs. AI virus detection rates in samples from several wild bird 
      species were higher when samples were collected using the FTA cards compared with 
      cloacal swabs. These results suggest that FTA cards can be used as an alternative 
      sample collection method when traditional surveillance methods are not possible, 
      especially in avian populations that have historically received limited testing 
      or situations in which field conditions limit the ability to properly store or 
      ship swab samples.
FAU - Keeler, Shamus P
AU  - Keeler SP
AD  - Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, 
      College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. 
      skeeler@uga.edu
FAU - Ferro, Pamela J
AU  - Ferro PJ
FAU - Brown, Justin D
AU  - Brown JD
FAU - Fang, Xingwang
AU  - Fang X
FAU - El-Attrache, John
AU  - El-Attrache J
FAU - Poulson, Rebecca
AU  - Poulson R
FAU - Jackwood, Mark W
AU  - Jackwood MW
FAU - Stallknecht, David E
AU  - Stallknecht DE
LA  - eng
GR  - HHSN266200700007C/HS/AHRQ HHS/United States
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Avian Dis
JT  - Avian diseases
JID - 0370617
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cloaca/virology
MH  - *Ducks
MH  - Influenza A virus/*isolation & purification
MH  - Influenza in Birds/*virology
MH  - Oropharynx/virology
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - RNA, Viral/*analysis
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Specimen Handling/*methods/veterinary
MH  - Texas
MH  - Virology/*methods
EDAT- 2012/05/02 06:00
MHDA- 2012/05/23 06:00
CRDT- 2012/05/02 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/05/23 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1637/9862-072611-Reg.1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Avian Dis. 2012 Mar;56(1):200-7. doi: 10.1637/9862-072611-Reg.1.