PMID- 22554226
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120905
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1741-7015 (Electronic)
IS  - 1741-7015 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2012 May 3
TI  - Lifestyle factors affecting gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: a 
      cross-sectional study of healthy 19864 adults using FSSG scores.
PG  - 45
LID - 10.1186/1741-7015-10-45 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common disorder 
      worldwide, comprised of reflux esophagitis (RE) and non-erosive reflux disease 
      (NERD). As more than half of GERD patients are classified into the NERD group, 
      precise evaluation of bothersome epigastric symptoms is essential. Nevertheless, 
      compared with many reports targeting endoscopic reflux esophagitis, large-scale 
      studies focusing on GERD symptoms have been very scarce. METHODS: To elucidate 
      lifestyle factors affecting GERD symptoms, 19,864 healthy adults in Japan were 
      analyzed. Sub-analyses of 371 proton pump inhibitor (PPI) users and 539 histamine 
      H(2)-receptor antagonist (H(2)RA) users were also performed. Using the FSSG 
      (Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD) score as a response variable, 25 
      lifestyle-related factors were univariately evaluated by Student's t-test or 
      Pearson's correlation coefficient, and were further analyzed with multiple linear 
      regression modelling. RESULTS: Average FSSG scores were 4.8 +/- 5.2 for total 
      subjects, 9.0 +/- 7.3 for PPI users, and 8.2 +/- 6.6 for H(2)RA users. Among the total 
      population, positively correlated factors and standardized coefficients (beta) for 
      FSSG scores are inadequate sleep (beta = 0.158), digestive drug users (beta = 0.0972 
      for PPI, beta = 0.0903 for H(2)RA, and beta = 0.104 for others), increased body weight in 
      adulthood (beta = 0.081), dinner just before bedtime (beta = 0.061), the habit of 
      midnight snack (beta = 0.055), lower body mass index (beta = 0.054), NSAID users (beta = 
      0.051), female gender (beta = 0.048), lack of breakfast (beta = 0.045), lack of 
      physical exercise (beta = 0.035), younger age (beta = 0.033), antihyperglycemic agents 
      non-users (beta = 0.026), the habit of quick eating (beta = 0.025), alcohol drinking (beta 
      = 0.025), history of gastrectomy (beta = 0.024), history of cardiovascular disease 
      (beta = 0.020), and smoking (beta = 0.018). Positively correlated factors for PPI users 
      are female gender (beta = 0.198), inadequate sleep (beta = 0.150), lack of breakfast (beta 
      = 0.146), antihypertensive agent non-users (beta = 0.134), and dinner just before 
      bedtime (beta = 0.129), whereas those for H(2)RA users are inadequate sleep (beta = 
      0.248), habit of midnight snack (beta = 0.160), anticoagulants non-users (beta = 
      0.106), and antihypertensive agents non-users (beta = 0.095). CONCLUSIONS: Among 
      many lifestyle-related factors correlated with GERD symptoms, poor quality of 
      sleep and irregular dietary habits are strong risk factors for high FSSG scores. 
      At present, usual dose of PPI or H(2)RA in Japan cannot fully relieve GERD 
      symptoms.
FAU - Yamamichi, Nobutake
AU  - Yamamichi N
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of 
      Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. nyamamic-tky@umin.ac.jp
FAU - Mochizuki, Satoshi
AU  - Mochizuki S
FAU - Asada-Hirayama, Itsuko
AU  - Asada-Hirayama I
FAU - Mikami-Matsuda, Rie
AU  - Mikami-Matsuda R
FAU - Shimamoto, Takeshi
AU  - Shimamoto T
FAU - Konno-Shimizu, Maki
AU  - Konno-Shimizu M
FAU - Takahashi, Yu
AU  - Takahashi Y
FAU - Takeuchi, Chihiro
AU  - Takeuchi C
FAU - Niimi, Keiko
AU  - Niimi K
FAU - Ono, Satoshi
AU  - Ono S
FAU - Kodashima, Shinya
AU  - Kodashima S
FAU - Minatsuki, Chihiro
AU  - Minatsuki C
FAU - Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro
AU  - Fujishiro M
FAU - Mitsushima, Toru
AU  - Mitsushima T
FAU - Koike, Kazuhiko
AU  - Koike K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120503
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Med
JT  - BMC medicine
JID - 101190723
RN  - 0 (Histamine H2 Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diet/adverse effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy/*epidemiology/*pathology
MH  - Histamine H2 Antagonists/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Japan/epidemiology
MH  - *Life Style
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use
MH  - Sleep Wake Disorders/complications
PMC - PMC3353848
EDAT- 2012/05/05 06:00
MHDA- 2012/09/06 06:00
PMCR- 2012/05/03
CRDT- 2012/05/05 06:00
PHST- 2011/12/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/05/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/05/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/09/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/05/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1741-7015-10-45 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1741-7015-10-45 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Med. 2012 May 3;10:45. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-45.