PMID- 22554869
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130108
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1872-6283 (Electronic)
IS  - 0379-0738 (Linking)
VI  - 221
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 2012 Sep 10
TI  - Estimation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) co-consumption in serum samples of 
      drivers positive for amphetamine or ecstasy.
PG  - 98-101
LID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.009 [doi]
AB  - There is no toxicological analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) applied 
      routinely in cases of driving under influence (DUI); therefore the extent of 
      consumption of this drug might be underestimated. Its consumption is described as 
      occurring often concurrently with amphetamine or ecstasy. This study examines 196 
      serum samples which were collected by police during road side testing for GHB. 
      The samples subject to this study have already been found to be positive for 
      amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and/or 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine 
      (MDEA). Analysis has been performed by LC/MS/MS in the multiple reaction 
      monitoring (MRM) mode. Due to its polarity, chromatographic separation of GHB was 
      achieved by a HILIC column. To differentiate endogenous and exogenous levels of 
      GHB, a cut-off concentration of 4mug/ml was applied. Of the 196 samples, two have 
      been found to be positive for GHB. Of these samples, one sample was also positive 
      for amphetamine and one for MDMA. Whilst other amphetamine derivates were not 
      detected in these samples, both samples were found to be positive for 
      cannabinoids. These results suggest that co-consumption of GHB with amphetamine 
      or ecstasy is relatively low (1%) for the collective of this study.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lott, S
AU  - Lott S
AD  - Institute of Forensic Medicine, Stiftsplatz 12, D-53111 Bonn, Germany. 
      lott@uni-bonn.de
FAU - Musshoff, F
AU  - Musshoff F
FAU - Madea, B
AU  - Madea B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20120501
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Forensic Sci Int
JT  - Forensic science international
JID - 7902034
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 7G33012534 (Sodium Oxybate)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphetamines/*blood
MH  - Automobile Driving/*legislation & jurisprudence
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Female
MH  - Hallucinogens/*blood
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*blood
MH  - Sodium Oxybate/*blood
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection
EDAT- 2012/05/05 06:00
MHDA- 2013/01/09 06:00
CRDT- 2012/05/05 06:00
PHST- 2012/01/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/04/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/04/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/05/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/01/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0379-0738(12)00172-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forensic Sci Int. 2012 Sep 10;221(1-3):98-101. doi: 
      10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.009. Epub 2012 May 1.