PMID- 22561867
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120820
LR  - 20190923
IS  - 1738-8872 (Electronic)
IS  - 1017-7825 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 5
DP  - 2012 May
TI  - Effect of ginsenoside Re on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and cognition 
      memory deficit induced by repeated immobilization in rats.
PG  - 708-20
AB  - In this study, we assessed the effects of ginsenoside Re (GRe) administration on 
      repeated immobilization stressinduced behavioral alterations using the forced 
      swimming test (FST), the elevated plus maze (EPM), and the active avoidance 
      conditioning test (AAT). Additionally, we examined the effect of GRe on the 
      central adrenergic system by observing changes in neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase 
      (TH) immunoreactivity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA 
      expression in the rat brain. Male rats received 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg GRe (i.p.) 30 
      min before daily exposures to repeated immobilization stress (2 h/day) for 10 
      days. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to 
      repeated immobilization was confirmed by measuring serum levels of corticosterone 
      (CORT) and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the 
      hypothalamus. Repeated immobilization stress increased immobility in the FST and 
      reduced openarm exploration in the EPM test. It also increased the probability of 
      escape failures in the AAT test, indicating a reduced avoidance response. Daily 
      administration of GRe during the repeated immobilization stress period 
      significantly inhibited the stress-induced behavioral deficits in these 
      behavioral tests. Administration of GRe also significantly blocked the increase 
      in TH expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) and the decrease in BDNF mRNA 
      expression in the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings indicate that 
      administration of GRe prior to immobilization stress significantly improved 
      helpless behaviors and cognitive impairment, possibly through modulating the 
      central noradrenergic system in rats. These findings suggest that GRe may be a 
      useful agent for treating complex symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive 
      impairment.
FAU - Lee, Bombi
AU  - Lee B
AD  - Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, 
      Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea.
FAU - Shim, Insop
AU  - Shim I
FAU - Lee, Hyejung
AU  - Lee H
FAU - Hahm, Dae-Hyun
AU  - Hahm DH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - J Microbiol Biotechnol
JT  - Journal of microbiology and biotechnology
JID - 9431852
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Ginsenosides)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 46F3R0BL3I (ginsenoside Re)
RN  - 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anxiety
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cognition/*drug effects
MH  - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Depression
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Ginsenosides/*administration & dosage
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immobilization
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory Disorders/*drug therapy/genetics/metabolism/*psychology
MH  - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
EDAT- 2012/05/09 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/21 06:00
CRDT- 2012/05/08 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - JMB022-05-19 [pii]
AID - 10.4014/jmb.1112.12046 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 May;22(5):708-20. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1112.12046.