PMID- 22575588
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120815
LR  - 20230912
IS  - 1474-5488 (Electronic)
IS  - 1470-2045 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 6
DP  - 2012 Jun
TI  - Global burden of cancers attributable to infections in 2008: a review and 
      synthetic analysis.
PG  - 607-15
LID - 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70137-7 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Infections with certain viruses, bacteria, and parasites have been 
      identified as strong risk factors for specific cancers. An update of their 
      respective contribution to the global burden of cancer is warranted. METHODS: We 
      considered infectious agents classified as carcinogenic to humans by the 
      International Agency for Research on Cancer. We calculated their population 
      attributable fraction worldwide and in eight geographical regions, using 
      statistics on estimated cancer incidence in 2008. When associations were very 
      strong, calculations were based on the prevalence of infection in cancer cases 
      rather than in the general population. Estimates of infection prevalence and 
      relative risk were extracted from published data. FINDINGS: Of the 12.7 million 
      new cancer cases that occurred in 2008, the population attributable fraction 
      (PAF) for infectious agents was 16.1%, meaning that around 2 million new cancer 
      cases were attributable to infections. This fraction was higher in less developed 
      countries (22.9%) than in more developed countries (7.4%), and varied from 3.3% 
      in Australia and New Zealand to 32.7% in sub-Saharan Africa. Helicobacter pylori, 
      hepatitis B and C viruses, and human papillomaviruses were responsible for 1.9 
      million cases, mainly gastric, liver, and cervix uteri cancers. In women, cervix 
      uteri cancer accounted for about half of the infection-related burden of cancer; 
      in men, liver and gastric cancers accounted for more than 80%. Around 30% of 
      infection-attributable cases occur in people younger than 50 years. 
      INTERPRETATION: Around 2 million cancer cases each year are caused by infectious 
      agents. Application of existing public health methods for infection prevention, 
      such as vaccination, safer injection practice, or antimicrobial treatments, could 
      have a substantial effect on the future burden of cancer worldwide. FUNDING: 
      Fondation Innovations en Infectiologie (FINOVI) and the Bill & Melinda Gates 
      Foundation (BMGF).
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - de Martel, Catherine
AU  - de Martel C
AD  - International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
FAU - Ferlay, Jacques
AU  - Ferlay J
FAU - Franceschi, Silvia
AU  - Franceschi S
FAU - Vignat, Jerome
AU  - Vignat J
FAU - Bray, Freddie
AU  - Bray F
FAU - Forman, David
AU  - Forman D
FAU - Plummer, Martyn
AU  - Plummer M
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20120509
PL  - England
TA  - Lancet Oncol
JT  - The Lancet. Oncology
JID - 100957246
SB  - IM
CIN - Lancet Oncol. 2012 Jun;13(6):564-5. PMID: 22575586
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Distribution
MH  - Aged
MH  - Bacterial Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/therapy
MH  - Developed Countries
MH  - Developing Countries
MH  - Female
MH  - *Global Health
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*microbiology/physiopathology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Sex Distribution
MH  - Survival Analysis
MH  - Virus Diseases/diagnosis/*epidemiology/therapy
EDAT- 2012/05/12 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/16 06:00
CRDT- 2012/05/12 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1470-2045(12)70137-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70137-7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Lancet Oncol. 2012 Jun;13(6):607-15. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70137-7. Epub 
      2012 May 9.