PMID- 22579554
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130124
LR  - 20120919
IS  - 1873-2550 (Electronic)
IS  - 0304-4017 (Linking)
VI  - 189
IP  - 2-4
DP  - 2012 Oct 26
TI  - In vivo anthelmintic activity of Phytolacca icosandra against Haemonchus 
      contortus in goats.
PG  - 284-90
LID - S0304-4017(12)00215-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.017 [doi]
AB  - The in vivo anthelmintic (AH) activity of the ethanolic extract from leaves of 
      Phytolacca icosandra was evaluated in goats artificially infected with Haemonchus 
      contortus. Parasite naive goats were artificially infected with 3000 H. contortus 
      infective larvae per animal. Once the infection was patent (day 28 
      post-infection) all the animals were sampled to determine the faecal egg counts 
      (FEC) for five consecutive days. Two groups of animals were formed balanced for 
      their FEC and body-weight (BW) (n=6/group): the non-treated control group and the 
      treated group in which goats were individually administered with the ethanolic 
      extract of P. icosandra. The extract was administered orally using gelatin 
      capsules (250 mg/kg BW) which were dosed on two consecutive days using a 
      pill-dispenser. Faecal samples were collected from each animal from the day of 
      dosage (Day 0) on a daily basis to determine the number of eggs per gram of feces 
      (EPG) for 15 days post-treatment (PT). The FEC of the two groups were compared 
      using the repeated measures analyses of variance using the log transformed data 
      Ln (FEC+1). The presence of saponins, coumarins, flavonoids, steroids and 
      terpenoids were detected by standard methodologies in the extract. The P. 
      icosandra ethanolic extract was further analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) 
      coupled to a mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A significant reduction in FEC was 
      observed in the treated group compared to the control from day 7 until day 15 PT 
      (P<0.05). The highest percentage reduction (72%) was found on day 11 PT. No 
      adverse reactions were observed in all treated animals for the entire trial. The 
      GC-MS analysis of the organic extracts revealed the presence of three fatty acids 
      as compounds with highest abundance. The three compounds that were identified by 
      their mass fragmentation patterns were: 2-Pentadecanone, 6, 10, 14-trimethyl (RT 
      10.3 min), Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (RT 10.8 min) and 
      Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (RT 11.2 min). It is concluded that the P. 
      icosandra ethanolic extract obtained from leaves showed in vivo anthelmintic 
      activity against H. contortus when administered orally to goats at a dose of 250 
      mg/kg BW on two consecutive days. The dose used did not cause any negative 
      effects on the health of goats.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Hernandez-Villegas, M M
AU  - Hernandez-Villegas MM
AD  - Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan. Calle 43 No. 130 Colonia Chuburna 
      de Hidalgo, CP, 97200, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
FAU - Borges-Argaez, R
AU  - Borges-Argaez R
FAU - Rodriguez-Vivas, R I
AU  - Rodriguez-Vivas RI
FAU - Torres-Acosta, J F J
AU  - Torres-Acosta JF
FAU - Mendez-Gonzalez, M
AU  - Mendez-Gonzalez M
FAU - Caceres-Farfan, M
AU  - Caceres-Farfan M
LA  - eng
PT  - Controlled Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120419
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Parasitol
JT  - Veterinary parasitology
JID - 7602745
RN  - 0 (Anthelmintics)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anthelmintics/*therapeutic use
MH  - Feces/parasitology
MH  - Goat Diseases/drug therapy/*parasitology
MH  - Goats
MH  - Haemonchiasis/*drug therapy
MH  - Haemonchus/*drug effects
MH  - Parasite Egg Count
MH  - Phytolacca/*chemistry
MH  - Plant Extracts/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Plant Leaves/chemistry
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2012/05/15 06:00
MHDA- 2013/01/25 06:00
CRDT- 2012/05/15 06:00
PHST- 2011/10/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/04/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/04/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/05/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/01/25 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0304-4017(12)00215-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.017 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Parasitol. 2012 Oct 26;189(2-4):284-90. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.017. 
      Epub 2012 Apr 19.