PMID- 22579662
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121102
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1532-0456 (Print)
IS  - 1532-0456 (Linking)
VI  - 156
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012 Aug
TI  - Temporal changes in stress and tissue-specific metabolic responses to municipal 
      wastewater effluent exposure in rainbow trout.
PG  - 67-74
LID - 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.04.002 [doi]
AB  - Sub-chronic exposure to municipal wastewater effluent (MWWE) in situ was recently 
      shown to impact the acute response to a secondary stressor in rainbow trout 
      (Oncorhynchus mykiss). However, little is known about whether MWWE exposure in 
      itself is stressful to the animal. To address this, we carried out a laboratory 
      study to examine the organismal and cellular stress responses and tissue-specific 
      metabolic capacity in trout exposed to MWWE. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed 
      to 0, 20 and 90% MWWE (from a tertiary wastewater treatment plant), that was 
      replenished every 2d, for 14 d. Fish were sampled 2, 8 or 14 d post-exposure. 
      Plasma cortisol, glucose and lactate levels were measured as indicators of 
      organismal stress response, while inducible heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), 
      constitutive heat shock protein 70 (hsc70) and hsp90 expression in the liver were 
      used as markers of cellular stress response. Impact of MWWE on cortisol signaling 
      was ascertained by determining glucocorticoid receptor protein (GR) expression in 
      the liver, brain and, heart, and metabolic capacity was evaluated by measuring 
      liver glycogen content and tissue-specific activities of key enzymes in 
      intermediary metabolism. Plasma glucose and lactate levels were unaffected by 
      exposure to MWWEs, whereas cortisol showed a transient increase in the 20% group 
      at 8d. Liver hsc70 and hsp90, but not hsp70 expression, were higher in the 90% 
      MWWE group after 8d. There was a temporal change in GR expression in the liver 
      and heart, but not brain of trout exposed to MWWE. Liver glycogen content and 
      activities liver gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), 
      and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) were significantly affected by MWWE 
      exposure. The glycolytic enzymes pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (HK) 
      activities were significantly higher temporally by MWWE exposure in the gill and 
      heart, but not in the liver and brain. Overall, a 14 d exposure to MWWE evokes a 
      cellular stress response and perturbs the cortisol stress response in rainbow 
      trout. The tissue-specific temporal changes in the metabolic capacity suggest 
      enhanced energy demand in fish exposed to MWWE, which may eventually lead to 
      reduced fitness.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ings, Jennifer S
AU  - Ings JS
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
FAU - Oakes, Ken D
AU  - Oakes KD
FAU - Vijayan, Mathilakath M
AU  - Vijayan MM
FAU - Servos, Mark R
AU  - Servos MR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120501
PL  - United States
TA  - Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
JT  - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP
JID - 100959500
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins)
RN  - 0 (HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Liver Glycogen)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glucocorticoid)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.40 (Pyruvate Kinase)
RN  - EC 4.1.1.49 (Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP))
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Glucose/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Brain/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Carbohydrate Metabolism
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - Gills/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/analysis/metabolism
MH  - HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Hydrocortisone/blood
MH  - Lactic Acid/metabolism
MH  - Liver/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Liver Glycogen/analysis
MH  - Oncorhynchus mykiss/*metabolism
MH  - Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/metabolism
MH  - Pyruvate Kinase/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
MH  - *Stress, Physiological
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity
EDAT- 2012/05/15 06:00
MHDA- 2012/11/03 06:00
CRDT- 2012/05/15 06:00
PHST- 2011/10/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/04/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/04/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/05/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/11/03 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1532-0456(12)00057-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.04.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012 Aug;156(2):67-74. doi: 
      10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.04.002. Epub 2012 May 1.