PMID- 22587687
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120905
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1475-2875 (Electronic)
IS  - 1475-2875 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2012 May 15
TI  - Efficacy of ICON(R) Maxx in the laboratory and against insecticide-resistant 
      Anopheles gambiae in central Cote d'Ivoire.
PG  - 167
LID - 10.1186/1475-2875-11-167 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Long-lasting treatment kits, designed to transform untreated nets 
      into long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), may facilitate high coverage with 
      LLINs where non-treated nets are in place. In this study, the efficacy of ICON(R) 
      Maxx (Syngenta) was evaluated under laboratory conditions and in an experimental 
      hut trial in central Cote d'Ivoire, where Anopheles gambiae s.s. are resistant to 
      pyrethroid insecticides. METHODS: In the laboratory, polyester and polyethylene 
      net samples were treated with ICON(R) Maxx, washed up to 20 times and their 
      efficacy determined in World Health Organization (WHO) cone assays against a 
      susceptible laboratory An. gambiae s.s. colony. Over a 12-month period, the 
      polyester nets were evaluated in a hut trial to determine mosquito deterrence, 
      induced exophily, blood-feeding inhibition and mortality. RESULTS: In the 
      laboratory, ICON(R) Maxx-treated polyethylene nets showed higher efficacy against 
      pyrethroid-susceptible mosquitoes than polyester nets. After 20 washings, 
      insecticidal efficacy in bioassays was 59.4% knockdown (KD) and 22.3% mortality 
      for polyethylene, and 55.3% KD and 17.9% mortality for polyester nets. In 
      experimental huts, treated nets showed strong deterrence, induced exophily and an 
      over three-fold reduction in blood-fed mosquitoes. More than half (61.8%) of the 
      mosquitoes entering the huts with treated nets were found dead the next morning 
      despite high levels of KD resistance. After washing the treated nets, KD and 
      mortality rates were close to or exceeded predefined WHO thresholds in cone 
      bioassays. CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous laboratory investigation, ICON(R) 
      Maxx-treated nets showed only moderate KD and mortality rates. However, under 
      semi-field conditions, in an area where mosquitoes are resistant to pyrethroids, 
      ICON(R) Maxx showed high deterrence, induced exophily and provided a significant 
      reduction in blood-feeding rates; features that are likely to have a positive 
      impact in reducing malaria transmission. The WHO cone test may not always be a 
      good proxy for predicting product performance under field conditions.
FAU - Winkler, Mirko S
AU  - Winkler MS
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health 
      Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Tchicaya, Emile
AU  - Tchicaya E
FAU - Koudou, Benjamin G
AU  - Koudou BG
FAU - Donze, Jennifer
AU  - Donze J
FAU - Nsanzabana, Christian
AU  - Nsanzabana C
FAU - Muller, Pie
AU  - Muller P
FAU - Adja, Akre M
AU  - Adja AM
FAU - Utzinger, Jurg
AU  - Utzinger J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120515
PL  - England
TA  - Malar J
JT  - Malaria journal
JID - 101139802
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anopheles/*drug effects
MH  - Biological Assay
MH  - Cote d'Ivoire
MH  - Feeding Behavior/drug effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insecticide-Treated Bednets
MH  - Insecticides/*pharmacology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mosquito Control/methods
MH  - Survival Analysis
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3369213
EDAT- 2012/05/17 06:00
MHDA- 2012/09/06 06:00
PMCR- 2012/05/15
CRDT- 2012/05/17 06:00
PHST- 2011/08/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/05/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/05/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/09/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/05/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1475-2875-11-167 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1475-2875-11-167 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Malar J. 2012 May 15;11:167. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-167.