PMID- 22590547
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120919
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2012
TI  - Human tears reveal insights into corneal neovascularization.
PG  - e36451
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0036451 [doi]
LID - e36451
AB  - Corneal neovascularization results from the encroachment of blood vessels from 
      the surrounding conjunctiva onto the normally avascular cornea. The aim of this 
      study is to identify factors in human tears that are involved in development 
      and/or maintenance of corneal neovascularization in humans. This could allow 
      development of diagnostic tools for monitoring corneal neovascularization and 
      combination monoclonal antibody therapies for its treatment. In an observational 
      case-control study we enrolled a total of 12 patients with corneal 
      neovascularization and 10 healthy volunteers. Basal tears along with reflex tears 
      from the inferior fornix, superior fornix and using a corneal bath were collected 
      along with blood serum samples. From all patients, ocular surface photographs 
      were taken. Concentrations of the pro-angiogenic cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, 
      IL-8, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 
      1 (MCP-1) and Fas Ligand (FasL) were determined in blood and tear samples using a 
      flow cytometric multiplex assay. Our results show that the concentration of 
      pro-angiogenic cytokines in human tears are significantly higher compared to 
      their concentrations in serum, with highest levels found in basal tears. 
      Interestingly, we could detect a significantly higher concentration of IL- 6, 
      IL-8 and VEGF in localized corneal tears of patients with neovascularized corneas 
      when compared to the control group. This is the first study of its kind 
      demonstrating a significant difference of defined factors in tears from patients 
      with neovascularized corneas as compared to healthy controls. These results 
      provide the basis for future research using animal models to further substantiate 
      the role of these cytokines in the establishment and maintenance of corneal 
      neovascularization.
FAU - Zakaria, Nadia
AU  - Zakaria N
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium. 
      Nadia.Zakaria@gmail.com
FAU - Van Grasdorff, Sigi
AU  - Van Grasdorff S
FAU - Wouters, Kristien
AU  - Wouters K
FAU - Rozema, Jos
AU  - Rozema J
FAU - Koppen, Carina
AU  - Koppen C
FAU - Lion, Eva
AU  - Lion E
FAU - Cools, Nathalie
AU  - Cools N
FAU - Berneman, Zwi
AU  - Berneman Z
FAU - Tassignon, Marie-Jose
AU  - Tassignon MJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120509
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Angiogenesis Inducing Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/*metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
MH  - Corneal Neovascularization/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Cytokines/*metabolism
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Tears/*metabolism
PMC - PMC3348927
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2012/05/17 06:00
MHDA- 2012/09/20 06:00
PMCR- 2012/05/09
CRDT- 2012/05/17 06:00
PHST- 2012/02/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/04/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/05/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/09/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/05/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-12-04606 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0036451 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36451. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036451. Epub 2012 May 9.