PMID- 22592037
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121016
LR  - 20181201
IS  - 1096-0023 (Electronic)
IS  - 1043-4666 (Linking)
VI  - 59
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012 Aug
TI  - Dietary flaxseed oil reduces adipocyte size, adipose monocyte chemoattractant 
      protein-1 levels and T-cell infiltration in obese, insulin-resistant rats.
PG  - 382-91
LID - 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.004 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Adipocyte dysfunction is characterized by an increase in adipocyte 
      size and changes to their adipokine profiles. Immune cell infiltration into 
      adipose tissue is thought to contribute to the metabolic complications of 
      obesity, with local and systemic consequences for the inflammatory status of the 
      obese individual. Dietary interventions with omega-3 fatty acids from marine 
      sources have been successful at reducing inflammation. The aim of this study was 
      to determine whether flaxseed oil containing the plant-based omega-3 fatty acid 
      alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an effective modulator of inflammation and adipocyte 
      dysfunction. METHODS: Seventeen-week old male fa/fa and lean Zucker rats were fed 
      a control diet (faCTL, lnCTL) and fa/fa rats were fed an ALA-rich flaxseed oil 
      supplemented diet (faFLAX) for 8 weeks. Adipose tissue and serum were collected 
      and analyzed for cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha), haptoglobin, 
      monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and adipokine (leptin, adiponectin) 
      levels. Splenocytes were isolated and ex vivo mitogen-stimulated cytokine 
      production was measured. Digital images of adipose tissue sections were used to 
      quantify adipocyte area. Macrophage and T-cell infiltration were assessed in 
      adipose tissue by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: faFLAX rats had 17% smaller 
      adipocytes and 5-fold lower MCP-1 levels in adipose tissue than faCTL rats. 
      Adipose tissue levels of IL-10 were 72% lower in the faFLAX group compared to 
      baseline, and TNF-alpha levels decreased 80% (equal to lnCTL levels) in the faFLAX 
      group compared to faCTL. There were no changes in ex vivo cytokine production by 
      splenocytes between faFLAX and faCTL. Macrophage infiltration was not different 
      among groups; however, faFLAX rats had less T-cell infiltration than faCTL rats. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Dietary intervention with ALA-rich flaxseed oil in obese Zucker rats 
      reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, protein levels of inflammatory markers MCP-1 and 
      TNF-alpha, and T-cell infiltration in adipose tissue. Modest improvements to other 
      parameters of obesity were also observed. The results suggest that, due to its 
      ability to improve adipocyte function, ALA-rich flaxseed oil confers health 
      benefits in obesity.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Baranowski, Maria
AU  - Baranowski M
AD  - Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, 
      Canada.
FAU - Enns, Jennifer
AU  - Enns J
FAU - Blewett, Heather
AU  - Blewett H
FAU - Yakandawala, Uma
AU  - Yakandawala U
FAU - Zahradka, Peter
AU  - Zahradka P
FAU - Taylor, Carla G
AU  - Taylor CG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120514
PL  - England
TA  - Cytokine
JT  - Cytokine
JID - 9005353
RN  - 0 (Adipokines)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fats, Unsaturated)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 0 (Haptoglobins)
RN  - 0 (Phospholipids)
RN  - 8001-26-1 (Linseed Oil)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adipocytes/drug effects/metabolism/*pathology
MH  - Adipokines/metabolism
MH  - Adipose Tissue/drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Weight/drug effects
MH  - Cell Movement
MH  - Cell Size/drug effects
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/*metabolism
MH  - Cytokines/biosynthesis
MH  - Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/*pharmacology
MH  - Fatty Acids/metabolism
MH  - Haptoglobins/metabolism
MH  - Inflammation/blood/immunology/pathology
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*immunology
MH  - Linseed Oil/*pharmacology
MH  - Macrophages/drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Obesity/blood/immunology/*pathology
MH  - Organ Size/drug effects
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Phospholipids/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Zucker
MH  - Spleen/pathology
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/metabolism/*pathology
EDAT- 2012/05/18 06:00
MHDA- 2012/10/17 06:00
CRDT- 2012/05/18 06:00
PHST- 2011/11/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/03/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/04/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/05/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/10/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1043-4666(12)00119-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cytokine. 2012 Aug;59(2):382-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.004. Epub 2012 May 
      14.