PMID- 22595377
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130823
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1879-1476 (Electronic)
IS  - 0385-8146 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 1
DP  - 2013 Feb
TI  - Evaluation of "Open Essence" odor-identification test card by application to 
      healthy volunteers.
PG  - 76-80
LID - S0385-8146(12)00111-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.anl.2012.02.007 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In the United States and European countries, the University of 
      Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), the Quick Smell Identification 
      Test (Q-SIT), a shorter version of the UPSIT, and "Sniffin' Sticks" are widely 
      used for testing olfaction. The odor stick identification test for Japanese 
      (OSIT-J) has been manufactured in Japan. This was followed by the development of 
      "Open Essence," consisting of cards that make use of sealed odorants. This study 
      examined the usefulness of Open Essence in young volunteers with normal 
      olfaction. METHOD: The participants were 176 medical students in their clinical 
      clerkships at the Department of Otolaryngology, Kochi Medical School Hospital. 
      There were 111 males and 65 females, with a median age of 24 years (range 22-42 
      years). The olfactory function of all participants was confirmed as normal by 
      screening with T&T olfactometry. Before beginning Open Essence, the subjects were 
      asked to answer a questionnaire on their olfaction and habits. RESULTS: Females 
      had significantly better smell identification than males. Of the 12 odorants, 
      "perfume" and "cooking gas" were difficult to identify, because perfume involves 
      different imagery and the compounds that give the smell of gas are readily 
      volatilized. In contrast, all participants recognized "curry" and "menthol," 
      probably because they are received as both somatosensory stimuli and smell. 
      CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, with improvement, Open Essence might be 
      used for testing olfaction in Japanese subjects.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Okutani, Fumino
AU  - Okutani F
AD  - Departments of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan. 
      okutanif@kochi-u.ac.jp
FAU - Hirose, Kahori
AU  - Hirose K
FAU - Kobayashi, Taisuke
AU  - Kobayashi T
FAU - Kaba, Hideto
AU  - Kaba H
FAU - Hyodo, Masamitsu
AU  - Hyodo M
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20120515
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Auris Nasus Larynx
JT  - Auris, nasus, larynx
JID - 7708170
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Odorants
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Smell/*physiology
EDAT- 2012/05/19 06:00
MHDA- 2013/08/24 06:00
CRDT- 2012/05/19 06:00
PHST- 2011/09/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/02/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/04/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/05/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/08/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0385-8146(12)00111-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.anl.2012.02.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Auris Nasus Larynx. 2013 Feb;40(1):76-80. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2012.02.007. Epub 
      2012 May 15.