PMID- 22608778
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120831
LR  - 20120605
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1244
DP  - 2012 Jun 29
TI  - Application of gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry for target and 
      non-target analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables.
PG  - 168-77
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.063 [doi]
AB  - In this work, the capability of gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass 
      spectrometry (GC-TOF MS) for quantitative analysis of pesticide residues has been 
      evaluated. A multiclass method for rapid screening of pesticides (insecticides, 
      acaricides, herbicides and fungicides) in fruit and vegetable matrices has been 
      developed and validated, including detection, identification and quantification 
      of the analytes. To this aim, several food matrices were selected: high water 
      content (apples, tomatoes and carrots), high acid content (oranges) and high oil 
      content (olives) samples. The well known QuEChERS procedure was applied for 
      extraction of pesticides, and matrix-matched calibration using relative responses 
      versus internal standard was used for quantification. The sample extracts were 
      analyzed by GC-TOF MS. Up to five ions using narrow window (0.02 Da)-extracted 
      ion chromatograms at the expected retention time were monitored using a target 
      processing method. The most abundant ion was used for quantification while the 
      remaining ones were used for confirmation of the analyte identity. Method 
      validation was carried out for 55 analytes in the five sample matrices tested at 
      three concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg). Most recoveries were between 70% 
      and 120% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 20% at 0.05 and 
      0.5mg/kg. At 0.01 mg/kg, roughly half of the pesticides could be satisfactorily 
      validated due to sensitivity limitations of GC-TOF MS, which probably affected 
      the ion ratios used for confirmation of identity. In the case of olive samples, 
      results were not satisfactory due to the high complexity of the matrix. An 
      advantage of TOF MS is the possibility to perform a non-target investigation in 
      the samples by application of a deconvolution software, without any additional 
      injection being required. Accurate-mass full-spectrum acquisition in TOF MS 
      provides useful information for analytes identification, and has made feasible in 
      this work the discovery of non-target imazalil, fluoranthene and pyrene in some 
      of the samples analyzed.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Cervera, M I
AU  - Cervera MI
AD  - Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos 
      Baynat, E-12071 Castellon, Spain.
FAU - Portoles, T
AU  - Portoles T
FAU - Pitarch, E
AU  - Pitarch E
FAU - Beltran, J
AU  - Beltran J
FAU - Hernandez, F
AU  - Hernandez F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120504
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - Fruit/*chemistry
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*methods
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Vegetables/*chemistry
EDAT- 2012/05/23 06:00
MHDA- 2012/09/01 06:00
CRDT- 2012/05/22 06:00
PHST- 2011/12/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/04/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/04/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/05/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/09/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0021-9673(12)00670-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.063 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2012 Jun 29;1244:168-77. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.063. Epub 
      2012 May 4.