PMID- 22621171
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130510
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1365-2060 (Electronic)
IS  - 0785-3890 (Linking)
VI  - 45
IP  - 2
DP  - 2013 Mar
TI  - The relationship between bipolar disorder and type 2 diabetes: more than just 
      co-morbid disorders.
PG  - 171-81
LID - 10.3109/07853890.2012.687835 [doi]
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rates are three times higher in patients with 
      bipolar disorder (BD), compared to the general population. This is a major 
      contributing factor to the elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality, the leading 
      cause of death in bipolar patients. There may be shared pathophysiology linking 
      the two disorders, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and mitochondrial 
      dysfunction, common genetic links, and epigenetic interactions. Life-style, 
      phenomenology of bipolar symptoms, and adverse effects of pharmacotherapy may be 
      contributing factors. Patients with BD and T2DM have a more severe course of 
      illness and are more refractory to treatment. Control of their diabetes is poorer 
      when compared to diabetics without BD, and an existing disparity in medical care 
      may be partly responsible. Glucose abnormalities in bipolar patients need to be 
      screened for and treated. Metformin appears to have the best benefit/risk ratio, 
      and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor 
      agonists and analogues also appear promising, although these agents have not been 
      specifically studied in populations with mood disorders. Physicians need to be 
      aware of the increased risk for T2DM and cardiovascular disease in bipolar 
      patients, and appropriate prevention, screening, case finding, and treatment is 
      recommended.
FAU - Calkin, Cynthia V
AU  - Calkin CV
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 
      cindy.calkin@cdha.nshealth.ca
FAU - Gardner, David M
AU  - Gardner DM
FAU - Ransom, Thomas
AU  - Ransom T
FAU - Alda, Martin
AU  - Alda M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20120524
PL  - England
TA  - Ann Med
JT  - Annals of medicine
JID - 8906388
SB  - IM
MH  - Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy/*epidemiology/physiopathology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/*epidemiology/physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Risk Factors
EDAT- 2012/05/25 06:00
MHDA- 2013/05/11 06:00
CRDT- 2012/05/25 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/05/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/05/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.3109/07853890.2012.687835 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Med. 2013 Mar;45(2):171-81. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2012.687835. Epub 2012 May 
      24.