PMID- 22661439 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120919 LR - 20220318 IS - 1559-6095 (Electronic) IS - 1559-6095 (Linking) VI - 2012 IP - 6 DP - 2012 Jun 1 TI - Imaging neuronal activity with genetically encoded calcium indicators. PG - 647-56 LID - 10.1101/pdb.top069609 [doi] AB - Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), which are based on chimeric fluorescent proteins, can be used to monitor calcium transients in living cells and organisms. Because they are encoded by DNA, GECIs can be delivered to the intact brain noninvasively and targeted to defined populations of neurons and specific subcellular compartments for long-term, repeated measurements in vivo. GECIs have improved iteratively and are becoming useful for imaging neural activity in vivo. Here we summarize extrinsic and intrinsic factors that influence a GECI's performance and provides guidelines for selecting the appropriate GECI for a given application. We also review recent progress in GECI design, optimization, and standardized testing protocols. FAU - Tian, Lin AU - Tian L FAU - Hires, S Andrew AU - Hires SA FAU - Looger, Loren L AU - Looger LL LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20120601 PL - United States TA - Cold Spring Harb Protoc JT - Cold Spring Harbor protocols JID - 101524530 RN - 0 (Luminescent Proteins) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Calcium/*analysis MH - Genes, Reporter MH - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods MH - Luminescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Microscopy, Fluorescence/*methods MH - Neurons/chemistry/*physiology MH - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism EDAT- 2012/06/05 06:00 MHDA- 2012/09/20 06:00 CRDT- 2012/06/05 06:00 PHST- 2012/06/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/06/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/09/20 06:00 [medline] AID - 2012/6/pdb.top069609 [pii] AID - 10.1101/pdb.top069609 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2012 Jun 1;2012(6):647-56. doi: 10.1101/pdb.top069609.