PMID- 22664354
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130121
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1878-4216 (Electronic)
IS  - 0278-5846 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 1
DP  - 2012 Oct 1
TI  - Chronic restraint stress causes anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, 
      downregulates glucocorticoid receptor expression, and attenuates glutamate 
      release induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex.
PG  - 112-9
LID - 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.018 [doi]
AB  - Stress and the resulting increase in glucocorticoid levels have been implicated 
      in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. We investigated the effects of 
      chronic restraint stress (CRS: 6 hours x 28 days) on anxiety- and depression-like 
      behaviors in rats and on the possible changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) 
      expression as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent neural 
      function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We observed significant reductions in 
      body weight gain, food intake and sucrose preference from 1 week after the onset 
      of CRS. In the 5th week of CRS, we conducted open-field (OFT), elevated plus-maze 
      (EPM) and forced swim tests (FST). We observed a decrease in the number of 
      entries into open arms during the EPM (anxiety-like behavior) and increased 
      immobility during the FST (depression-like behavior). When the PFC was removed 
      after CRS and subject to western blot analysis, the GR expression reduced 
      compared with control, while the levels of BDNF and its receptors remained 
      unchanged. Basal glutamate concentrations in PFC acute slice which were measured 
      by high performance liquid chromatography were not influenced by CRS. However, 
      BDNF-induced glutamate release was attenuated after CRS. These results suggest 
      that reduced GR expression and altered BDNF function may be involved in chronic 
      stress-induced anxiety--and depression-like behaviors.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Chiba, Shuichi
AU  - Chiba S
AD  - Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, 
      National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Numakawa, Tadahiro
AU  - Numakawa T
FAU - Ninomiya, Midori
AU  - Ninomiya M
FAU - Richards, Misty C
AU  - Richards MC
FAU - Wakabayashi, Chisato
AU  - Wakabayashi C
FAU - Kunugi, Hiroshi
AU  - Kunugi H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120601
PL  - England
TA  - Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
JT  - Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
JID - 8211617
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Glucocorticoids)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glucocorticoid)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Growth Factor)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor)
RN  - 136958-07-1 (Ngfr protein, rat)
RN  - 3KX376GY7L (Glutamic Acid)
RN  - EC 2.7.10.1 (Receptor, trkB)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anxiety/blood/complications/*metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Behavior, Animal/physiology
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Depression/blood/complications/*metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Down-Regulation
MH  - Glucocorticoids/blood
MH  - Glutamic Acid/*metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Nerve Tissue Proteins
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects/*metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Receptor, trkB/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Growth Factor
MH  - Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
MH  - *Restraint, Physical/methods/physiology/psychology
MH  - Stress, Psychological/blood/complications/*metabolism/physiopathology
EDAT- 2012/06/06 06:00
MHDA- 2013/01/23 06:00
CRDT- 2012/06/06 06:00
PHST- 2012/02/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/05/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/05/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/06/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/06/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/01/23 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0278-5846(12)00120-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.018 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Oct 1;39(1):112-9. doi: 
      10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.018. Epub 2012 Jun 1.