PMID- 22679821
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120626
LR  - 20120611
IS  - 0564-3783 (Print)
IS  - 0564-3783 (Linking)
VI  - 46
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012 Mar-Apr
TI  - Immortalization and malignant transformation of eukaryotic cells.
PG  - 36-75
AB  - The process of cellular transformation has been amply studied in vitro using 
      immortalized cell lines. Immortalized cells never have the normal diploid 
      karyotype, nevertheless, they cannot grow over one another in cell culture 
      (contact inhibition), do not form colonies in soft agar (anchorage-dependent 
      growth) and do not form tumors when injected into immunodeficient rodents. All 
      these characteristics can be obtained with additional chromosome changes. 
      Multiple genetic rearrangements, including whole chromosome and gene copy number 
      gains and losses, chromosome translocations, gene mutations are necessary for 
      establishing the malignant cell phenotype. Most of the experiments detecting 
      transforming ability of genes overexpressed and/or mutated in tumors (oncogenes) 
      were performed using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast 
      cell line, human embryonic kidney 293 cell line (HEK293), and human mammary 
      epithelial cell lines (mainly HMECs and MC-F10A). These cell lines have abnormal 
      karyotypes and are prone to progress to malignantly transformed cells. This 
      review is aimed at understanding the mechanisms of cell immortalization by 
      different "immortalizing agents", oncogene-induced cell transformation of 
      immortalized cells and moderate response of the advanced tumors to anticancer 
      therapy in the light of tumor "oncogene and chromosome addiction", 
      intra-/intertumor heterogeneity, and chromosome instability.
FAU - Stepanenko, A A
AU  - Stepanenko AA
AD  - Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv.
FAU - Kavsan, V M
AU  - Kavsan VM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Ukraine
TA  - Tsitol Genet
JT  - TSitologiia i genetika
JID - 0101671
SB  - IM
MH  - Abnormal Karyotype
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line, Transformed
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics
MH  - Chromosome Aberrations
MH  - Chromosomes/*genetics
MH  - *Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Gene Dosage
MH  - Humans
MH  - Karyotyping
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Oncogenes/*genetics
EDAT- 2012/06/12 06:00
MHDA- 2012/06/27 06:00
CRDT- 2012/06/12 06:00
PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/06/27 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Tsitol Genet. 2012 Mar-Apr;46(2):36-75.