PMID- 22683441
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121129
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1879-0240 (Electronic)
IS  - 0965-1748 (Print)
IS  - 0965-1748 (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 9
DP  - 2012 Sep
TI  - Identification and characterization of two chitin synthase genes in African 
      malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae.
PG  - 674-82
LID - 10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.05.005 [doi]
AB  - Chitin synthase (CHS) represents an attractive target site for combating insect 
      pests as insect growth and development are strictly dependent on precisely tuned 
      chitin biosynthesis and this pathway is absent in humans and other vertebrates. 
      Current knowledge on CHS in insects, especially their structures, functions, and 
      regulations is still very limited. We report the identification and 
      characterization of two chitin synthase genes, AgCHS1 and AgCHS2, in African 
      malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. AgCHS1 and AgCHS2 were predicted to encode 
      proteins of 1,578 and 1,586 amino acid residues, respectively. Their deduced 
      amino acid sequences show high similarities to other insect chitin synthases. 
      Transcriptional analysis indicated that AgCHS1 was expressed in egg, larval, 
      pupal and adult stages whereas AgCHS2 appeared to be expressed at relatively low 
      levels, particularly during the larval stages as examined by reverse 
      transcription (RT)-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR. Relatively high expression 
      was detected in the carcass followed by the foregut and hindgut for AgCHS1, and 
      the foregut (cardia included) followed by the midgut for AgCHS2. Fluorescence in 
      situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemical analysis revealed new 
      information including the localization of the two enzymes in the ommatidia of the 
      compound eyes, and AgCHS2 in the thoracic and abdominal inter-segmental regions 
      of pupal integument.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhang, Xin
AU  - Zhang X
AD  - Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 
      66506, USA.
FAU - Zhang, Jianzhen
AU  - Zhang J
FAU - Park, Yoonseong
AU  - Park Y
FAU - Zhu, Kun Yan
AU  - Zhu KY
LA  - eng
GR  - P20 RR016475/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120607
PL  - England
TA  - Insect Biochem Mol Biol
JT  - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
JID - 9207282
RN  - 0 (Insect Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.4.1.16 (Chitin Synthase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anopheles/enzymology/*genetics
MH  - Chitin Synthase/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Insect Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Analysis, Protein
PMC - PMC3489263
MID - NIHMS384629
EDAT- 2012/06/12 06:00
MHDA- 2012/12/10 06:00
PMCR- 2013/09/01
CRDT- 2012/06/12 06:00
PHST- 2011/12/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/05/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/05/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/12/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0965-1748(12)00076-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.05.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2012 Sep;42(9):674-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.05.005. 
      Epub 2012 Jun 7.