PMID- 22685086
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121029
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1573-6598 (Electronic)
IS  - 0894-9867 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 3
DP  - 2012 Jun
TI  - Differences in posttraumatic stress reactions between witnesses and direct 
      victims of motor vehicle accidents.
PG  - 280-7
LID - 10.1002/jts.21692 [doi]
AB  - The present study describes posttraumatic stress reactions in young witnesses of 
      motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). This study investigated (a) whether witnesses of 
      MVAs report fewer trauma symptoms than direct victims, but more than adolescents 
      who were never exposed to an MVA; and (b) whether individual differences in sex, 
      negative appraisal, avoidant coping, and social support account for variability 
      in trauma symptoms beyond status as a witness as compared to a victim. 
      Self-report data came from a community-based sample of 3,007 adolescents with an 
      average age of 14.6 years and comprising 53% boys. Compared to direct victims of 
      an MVA in which someone was injured, witnesses of MVAs with injury reported 
      significantly less internalizing symptoms, such as symptoms of posttraumatic 
      stress (d = 0.25), fear (d = 0.21), and depression (d = 0.17). Compared to 
      adolescents who were never exposed to an MVA with injury, witnesses reported 
      significantly more externalizing symptoms (d = 0.24). In multiple regression 
      analyses the significant difference between witnesses and victims disappeared 
      when sex, other stressful events, appraisals, and coping were added to the model. 
      These findings suggest that adolescent witnesses, as well as direct victims, may 
      be at risk for posttraumatic reactions.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
FAU - Tierens, Marlies
AU  - Tierens M
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Research Unit of Child and 
      Adolescent Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. 
      Marlies.Tierens@UGent.be
FAU - Bal, Sarah
AU  - Bal S
FAU - Crombez, Geert
AU  - Crombez G
FAU - Loeys, Tom
AU  - Loeys T
FAU - Antrop, Inge
AU  - Antrop I
FAU - Deboutte, Dirk
AU  - Deboutte D
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120608
PL  - United States
TA  - J Trauma Stress
JT  - Journal of traumatic stress
JID - 8809259
SB  - IM
MH  - Accidents, Traffic/*psychology
MH  - *Adaptation, Psychological
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Belgium
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Models, Psychological
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*physiopathology/psychology
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
EDAT- 2012/06/12 06:00
MHDA- 2012/10/30 06:00
CRDT- 2012/06/12 06:00
PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/10/30 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/jts.21692 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Trauma Stress. 2012 Jun;25(3):280-7. doi: 10.1002/jts.21692. Epub 2012 Jun 8.