PMID- 22696164
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130104
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1099-1077 (Electronic)
IS  - 0885-6222 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 4
DP  - 2012 Jul
TI  - Simultaneous polysubstance use among Danish 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and 
      hallucinogen users: combination patterns and proposed biological bases.
PG  - 352-63
LID - 10.1002/hup.2234 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of simultaneous polysubstance use (SPU) among 
      Danish 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) ("Ecstasy") and hallucinogen 
      users. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 98 active MDMA and/or hallucinogen 
      users recruited through homepage advertisements, flyers, and word of mouth in 
      Denmark. Lifetime and recent substance use and SPU at last recalled use was 
      described by structured interviews. Hair samples from a subset of participants 
      were analyzed for MDMA. RESULTS: The participants had used an average of 12.6 
      (95% confidence interval: 11.7-13.4) psychoactive substances during their 
      lifetime. SPU was prevalent among MDMA, d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and 
      psilocybin users, in particular with alcohol and cannabis. Among MDMA users, 69% 
      had combined MDMA with amphetamines, 56% with hallucinogens, and 47% with 
      cocaine. At last recalled use, MDMA was taken with 2.1 +/- 1.2 substances in 32 
      different combinations. The participants preferred specific drug combinations and 
      named several, which in their experience enhanced or counteracted each other. 
      Alcohol and cannabis were typically used before, during, and after MDMA, LSD, and 
      psilocybin, whereas amphetamines were predominantly taken before these 
      substances. When LSD was combined with MDMA, the majority took MDMA after LSD. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous polysubstance use was common among Danish MDMA and 
      hallucinogen users, and patterns of preferred substance combinations were 
      evident.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FAU - Licht, Cecilie L
AU  - Licht CL
AD  - Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain 
      Imaging (Cimbi), University of Copenhagen and Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 
      Denmark. cecilie.licht@nru.dk
FAU - Christoffersen, Maria
AU  - Christoffersen M
FAU - Okholm, Mads
AU  - Okholm M
FAU - Damgaard, Laerke
AU  - Damgaard L
FAU - Fink-Jensen, Anders
AU  - Fink-Jensen A
FAU - Knudsen, Gitte M
AU  - Knudsen GM
FAU - Erritzoe, David
AU  - Erritzoe D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120614
PL  - England
TA  - Hum Psychopharmacol
JT  - Human psychopharmacology
JID - 8702539
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Data Collection
MH  - Denmark/epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hair/chemistry
MH  - Hallucinogens/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Illicit Drugs
MH  - Male
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/methods
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2012/06/15 06:00
MHDA- 2013/01/05 06:00
CRDT- 2012/06/15 06:00
PHST- 2012/02/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/05/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/06/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/06/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/01/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/hup.2234 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Psychopharmacol. 2012 Jul;27(4):352-63. doi: 10.1002/hup.2234. Epub 2012 Jun 
      14.