PMID- 22698874
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131211
LR  - 20160518
IS  - 1876-4754 (Electronic)
IS  - 1876-4754 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 3
DP  - 2013 May
TI  - Repetitive paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the visual cortex 
      alters visual recovery function.
PG  - 298-305
LID - S1935-861X(12)00087-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.brs.2012.05.005 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Some repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) techniques 
      fail to facilitate cortical excitability in the human visual cortex. A more 
      effective and facilitatory method is needed to increase the feasibility of rTMS 
      to explore visual cortex function. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to develop 
      a novel tool for modulating the visual cortex excitability and examined the 
      influences of repetitive transcranial magnetic paired-pulse stimulation (rPPS) on 
      the visual cortex. METHODS: Optimal interstimulus intervals (ISIs) were 
      determined to assess recovery function of visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Paired 
      stimuli from checkerboard pattern reversals were presented at 11 ISIs from 50-200 
      ms. Each session consisted of control (S1) and paired (S1 + S2) epochs to extract 
      the S2 response. The recovery function was calculated as the ratio of S2/S1 
      amplitudes. Subsequently, rPPS was utilized with a 1.5 ms ISI over the visual 
      cortex at the stimulus intensity of the visual masking effect. Amplitudes and 
      suppression ratios of the paired VEPs were compared before and after rPPS. The 
      effect of single pulse TMS was also evaluated. RESULTS: Paired VEPs resulted in 
      suppressive effects at ISIs up to 200 ms, with an optimal ISI of 90 ms due to 
      small variability and moderate inhibitory effects. There was no significant 
      effect of rPPS on N75-P100 with paired VEPs. Following rPPS, however, P100-N145 
      inhibition decreased up to 10 min. The single pulse protocol did not result in 
      these effects. CONCLUSIONS: Modulation of VEP recovery by rPPS suggested that 
      rPPS exhibited a disinhibitory effect on the visual cortex.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Kimura, Takahiro
AU  - Kimura T
AD  - Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of 
      Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, 
      Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
FAU - Ogata, Katsuya
AU  - Ogata K
FAU - Tobimatsu, Shozo
AU  - Tobimatsu S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120605
PL  - United States
TA  - Brain Stimul
JT  - Brain stimulation
JID - 101465726
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Evoked Potentials, Visual/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Perceptual Masking/physiology
MH  - Photic Stimulation
MH  - Recovery of Function/*physiology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - *Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
MH  - Visual Cortex/*physiology
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2012/06/16 06:00
MHDA- 2013/12/16 06:00
CRDT- 2012/06/16 06:00
PHST- 2012/03/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/04/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/05/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/06/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/06/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/12/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1935-861X(12)00087-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.brs.2012.05.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Brain Stimul. 2013 May;6(3):298-305. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.05.005. Epub 2012 
      Jun 5.