PMID- 22745850
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1947-6035 (Print)
IS  - 1947-6043 (Electronic)
IS  - 1947-6035 (Linking)
VI  - 1
IP  - 4
DP  - 2010 Oct 1
TI  - In Vitro Calcification of Immature Bovine Articular Cartilage: Formation of a 
      Functional Zone of Calcified Cartilage.
PG  - 287-297
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC) anchors articular cartilage 
      (AC) to subchondral bone through a layer of intermediate stiffness. The 
      regulation and functional consequences of cartilage calcification may vary with 
      depth from the articular surface. The hypothesis of this study was that the in 
      vitro calcification of immature AC occurs selectively in the deep region and is 
      associated with a local increase in stiffness. METHODS: AC and growth plate 
      cartilage (GPC) from calves were incubated in DMEM, 1% FBS, 100mug/mL ascorbate, 
      and +/-10mM ss-glycerophosphate (ssGP) for up to 3 weeks. To assess the time course 
      and effects of cell viability and ssGP, full-depth strips of AC and GPC were 
      analyzed by histology, indentation, and (45)Ca(++) uptake. To assess the effect 
      of tissue zone, disks harvested from surface and deep zone AC and from reserve 
      and hypertrophic zone of GPC were incubated independently and analyzed by 
      compression and for (45)Ca(++) uptake and biochemical components. RESULTS: The 
      deep ~20% of immature AC calcified within 3 weeks, with calcification dependent 
      on cell viability and ssGP. Mineral was deposited continuously around cells in AC 
      but only between cell columns in GPC. The deep zone of AC exhibited a compressive 
      modulus of 0.53 MPa after ssGP-induced calcification, ~4-fold stiffer than AC 
      incubated without ssGP. CONCLUSIONS: Cartilage explants exhibit inherent 
      zone-specific calcification processes, resulting in an increase in stiffness 
      associated with cartilage calcification. Such properties may be useful for 
      engineering a biomimetic ZCC tissue to integrate cartilaginous tissue to bone, 
      thereby forming a mechanically functional osteochondral unit.
FAU - Hwang, Jennifer
AU  - Hwang J
AD  - Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
FAU - Kyubwa, Espoir M
AU  - Kyubwa EM
FAU - Bae, Won C
AU  - Bae WC
FAU - Bugbee, William D
AU  - Bugbee WD
FAU - Masuda, Koichi
AU  - Masuda K
FAU - Sah, Robert L
AU  - Sah RL
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AR044058/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20100510
PL  - United States
TA  - Cartilage
JT  - Cartilage
JID - 101518378
PMC - PMC3382981
MID - NIHMS382295
COIS- Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts 
      of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
EDAT- 2010/10/01 00:00
MHDA- 2010/10/01 00:01
PMCR- 2011/10/01
CRDT- 2012/06/30 06:00
PHST- 2012/06/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/10/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/10/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2011/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_1947603510369552 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/1947603510369552 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cartilage. 2010 Oct 1;1(4):287-297. doi: 10.1177/1947603510369552. Epub 2010 May 
      10.