PMID- 22761880
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130104
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 6
DP  - 2012
TI  - Non-stationarity in the "resting brain's" modular architecture.
PG  - e39731
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0039731 [doi]
LID - e39731
AB  - Task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (TF-fMRI) has great potential for 
      advancing the understanding and treatment of neurologic illness. However, as with 
      all measures of neural activity, variability is a hallmark of intrinsic 
      connectivity networks (ICNs) identified by TF-fMRI. This variability has hampered 
      efforts to define a robust metric of connectivity suitable as a biomarker for 
      neurologic illness. We hypothesized that some of this variability rather than 
      representing noise in the measurement process, is related to a fundamental 
      feature of connectivity within ICNs, which is their non-stationary nature. To 
      test this hypothesis, we used a large (n = 892) population-based sample of older 
      subjects to construct a well characterized atlas of 68 functional regions, which 
      were categorized based on independent component analysis network of origin, 
      anatomical locations, and a functional meta-analysis. These regions were then 
      used to construct dynamic graphical representations of brain connectivity within 
      a sliding time window for each subject. This allowed us to demonstrate the 
      non-stationary nature of the brain's modular organization and assign each region 
      to a "meta-modular" group. Using this grouping, we then compared dwell time in 
      strong sub-network configurations of the default mode network (DMN) between 28 
      subjects with Alzheimer's dementia and 56 cognitively normal elderly subjects 
      matched 1:2 on age, gender, and education. We found that differences in 
      connectivity we and others have previously observed in Alzheimer's disease can be 
      explained by differences in dwell time in DMN sub-network configurations, rather 
      than steady state connectivity magnitude. DMN dwell time in specific modular 
      configurations may also underlie the TF-fMRI findings that have been described in 
      mild cognitive impairment and cognitively normal subjects who are at risk for 
      Alzheimer's dementia.
FAU - Jones, David T
AU  - Jones DT
AD  - Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of 
      America.
FAU - Vemuri, Prashanthi
AU  - Vemuri P
FAU - Murphy, Matthew C
AU  - Murphy MC
FAU - Gunter, Jeffrey L
AU  - Gunter JL
FAU - Senjem, Matthew L
AU  - Senjem ML
FAU - Machulda, Mary M
AU  - Machulda MM
FAU - Przybelski, Scott A
AU  - Przybelski SA
FAU - Gregg, Brian E
AU  - Gregg BE
FAU - Kantarci, Kejal
AU  - Kantarci K
FAU - Knopman, David S
AU  - Knopman DS
FAU - Boeve, Bradley F
AU  - Boeve BF
FAU - Petersen, Ronald C
AU  - Petersen RC
FAU - Jack, Clifford R Jr
AU  - Jack CR Jr
LA  - eng
GR  - P50 AG16574/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AG041851/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K99AG37573/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01AG11378/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P50 AG016574/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AG011378/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 AG06786/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K99 AG037573/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 AG006786/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120628
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology
MH  - Brain/*physiology
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
PMC - PMC3386248
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2012/07/05 06:00
MHDA- 2013/01/05 06:00
PMCR- 2012/06/28
CRDT- 2012/07/05 06:00
PHST- 2012/02/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/05/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/07/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/07/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/01/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/06/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-12-05080 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0039731 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39731. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039731. Epub 2012 Jun 28.