PMID- 22767287
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120921
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 6
DP  - 2012 Jul
TI  - Long-term automated sampling of PCDD/PCDF flue gas: current status and critical 
      issues.
PG  - 1896-907
LID - 10.1007/s11356-012-0942-9 [doi]
AB  - After entry into force of the Stockholm Convention and Aarhus Protocol and in 
      order to implement the upcoming European legal background, the European countries 
      are asked to apply control measures to reduce the release of persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins and furans (PCDD/PCDF) and polychlorinated 
      biphenyls as well as to establish POPs release inventories. In this perspective, 
      development of measuring techniques of emissions is a focal issue in acquiring 
      useful information. In this paper, results of various measurement campaigns at 
      different municipal waste incineration (MWI) plants using long-term automated 
      sampling of PCDD/PCDF are presented. The samples collected from both manual and 
      automated campaigns were analyzed following the European Standard EN-1948:2006 by 
      high-resolution gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer. Performances 
      of two different commercial systems have been investigated. Anomalous values 
      occurred during one long-term campaign (22.16 pg I-toxic equivalent (TEQ)/Nm(3)), 
      compared to average values (4-5 pg I-TEQ/Nm(3)) of the MWI. At this maximum 
      value, a main occurrence of abnormal and instable operating conditions has been 
      found. Sampling based on long-term basis was found to be more reliable to monitor 
      PCDD/PCDF emissions than occasional short-term sampling. Nevertheless, the 
      results of long-term campaigns demonstrate that emission levels detected in 15-30 
      days campaigns, when unsteady operating conditions can occur, as start-up and 
      shut down, are not immediately comparable to the typical levels in a 6-8 h, when 
      operating conditions are generally stable. Moreover, there are often differences 
      observed in the congener profiles between short- and long-term campaigns.
FAU - Vicaretti, M
AU  - Vicaretti M
AD  - Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research Italian National Research Council 
      (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Mosca, S
AU  - Mosca S
FAU - Guerriero, E
AU  - Guerriero E
FAU - Rotatori, M
AU  - Rotatori M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20120706
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Furans)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Autoanalysis/methods
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Furans/*analysis
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - *Incineration/standards
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/*analogs & derivatives/analysis
EDAT- 2012/07/07 06:00
MHDA- 2012/09/22 06:00
CRDT- 2012/07/07 06:00
PHST- 2011/09/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/04/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/07/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/07/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/09/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-012-0942-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Jul;19(6):1896-907. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-012-0942-9. Epub 2012 Jul 6.