PMID- 22771061
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121113
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1252
DP  - 2012 Aug 24
TI  - Application of ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction based on 
      applying low-density organic solvent for the determination of organochlorine 
      pesticides in water samples.
PG  - 67-73
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.065 [doi]
AB  - In this study, a polyethylene Pasteur pipette-based ultrasound-assisted 
      emulsification microextraction (USAEME) applying low-density organic solvent was 
      successfully developed for the extraction of trace levels of organochlorine 
      pesticides (OCPs) in water samples and followed by gas chromatography-mass 
      spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In this approach, a polyethylene Pasteur 
      squeeze-type pipette was employed as a convenient extraction device and 
      ultrasound radiation was applied to accelerate the emulsification of low-density 
      organic solvent in aqueous solutions to enhance the microextraction efficiency of 
      OCPs in water samples. Thirty microliters of extraction solvent (isooctane), of 
      lower density than water, were injected into the aqueous sample solution held in 
      the pipette. The latter was then immersed in an ultrasound water bath to form an 
      emulsion. After 30s extraction, phase separation was achieved by centrifugation. 
      The upper layer (isooctane) was collected and analyzed by GC-MS. No disperser 
      solvent was required in this procedure. Significantly, fast analysis and high 
      extraction efficiency were achieved. Another feature of the procedure was the use 
      of the pipette as the extraction device, which permitted less dense than water 
      organic solvent to be used as extraction solvent. This method broadens the 
      applicability of USAEME to a wider range of solvent. Additionally, carry-over 
      problems were avoided with the use of the disposable pipette. Parameters 
      affecting the efficiency of polyethylene Pasteur pipette-based USAEME, such as 
      the extraction solvent, extraction solvent volume, extraction and centrifugation 
      time, ionic strength and extraction temperature were investigated. Under the 
      optimum conditions, the proposed method provided good enrichment factors (EFs) in 
      the range of 128 and 328, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 
      2.7% to 12.4%. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.8 and 10ng/L 
      depending on the analytes. The linearities were between 0.01 and 50mug/L for 
      hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, endrin and o,p'-DDD, 0.05-25mug/L for heptachlor, and 
      0.005-50mug/L for p,p'-DDE. Finally, the polyethylene Pasteur pipette-based USAEME 
      was successfully used for the fast determination of OCPs in river and tap water 
      samples. The proposed method provides a simple, convenient, rapid, sensitive, 
      cost-effective, and environmentally friendly process for the determination of 
      OCPs in water samples.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhang, Yufeng
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 
      Singapore 117543, Singapore.
FAU - Lee, Hian Kee
AU  - Lee HK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120626
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Octanes)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride)
RN  - QAB8F5669O (2,2,4-trimethylpentane)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chemical Fractionation/*methods
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - Octanes/chemistry
MH  - Pesticides/*analysis
MH  - Sodium Chloride/chemistry
MH  - Sonication/*methods
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
EDAT- 2012/07/10 06:00
MHDA- 2012/11/14 06:00
CRDT- 2012/07/10 06:00
PHST- 2012/04/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/06/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/06/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/07/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/07/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/11/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0021-9673(12)00959-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.065 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2012 Aug 24;1252:67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.065. Epub 
      2012 Jun 26.