PMID- 22808101
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130319
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 7
DP  - 2012
TI  - Evaluation of gene, protein and neurotrophin expression in the brain of mice 
      exposed to space environment for 91 days.
PG  - e40112
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0040112 [doi]
LID - e40112
AB  - Effects of 3-month exposure to microgravity environment on the expression of 
      genes and proteins in mouse brain were studied. Moreover, responses of 
      neurobiological parameters, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived 
      neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were also evaluated in the cerebellum, hippocampus, 
      cortex, and adrenal glands. Spaceflight-related changes in gene and protein 
      expression were observed. Biological processes of the up-regulated genes were 
      related to the immune response, metabolic process, and/or inflammatory response. 
      Changes of cellular components involving in microsome and vesicular fraction were 
      also noted. Molecular function categories were related to various enzyme 
      activities. The biological processes in the down-regulated genes were related to 
      various metabolic and catabolic processes. Cellular components were related to 
      cytoplasm and mitochondrion. The down-regulated molecular functions were related 
      to catalytic and oxidoreductase activities. Up-regulation of 28 proteins was seen 
      following spaceflight vs. those in ground control. These proteins were related to 
      mitochondrial metabolism, synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP, calcium/calmodulin 
      metabolism, nervous system, and transport of proteins and/or amino acids. 
      Down-regulated proteins were related to mitochondrial metabolism. Expression of 
      NGF in hippocampus, cortex, and adrenal gland of wild type animal tended to 
      decrease following spaceflight. As for pleiotrophin transgenic mice, 
      spaceflight-related reduction of NGF occurred only in adrenal gland. Consistent 
      trends between various portions of brain and adrenal gland were not observed in 
      the responses of BDNF to spaceflight. Although exposure to real microgravity 
      influenced the expression of a number of genes and proteins in the brain that 
      have been shown to be involved in a wide spectrum of biological function, it is 
      still unclear how the functional properties of brain were influenced by 3-month 
      exposure to microgravity.
FAU - Santucci, Daniela
AU  - Santucci D
AD  - Behavioural Neuroscience Section, Cellular Biology and Neuroscience Department, 
      Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Kawano, Fuminori
AU  - Kawano F
FAU - Ohira, Takashi
AU  - Ohira T
FAU - Terada, Masahiro
AU  - Terada M
FAU - Nakai, Naoya
AU  - Nakai N
FAU - Francia, Nadia
AU  - Francia N
FAU - Alleva, Enrico
AU  - Alleva E
FAU - Aloe, Luigi
AU  - Aloe L
FAU - Ochiai, Toshimasa
AU  - Ochiai T
FAU - Cancedda, Ranieri
AU  - Cancedda R
FAU - Goto, Katsumasa
AU  - Goto K
FAU - Ohira, Yoshinobu
AU  - Ohira Y
LA  - eng
SI  - GEO/GSE32077
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20120709
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Growth Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Glands/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*metabolism
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Down-Regulation/genetics
MH  - *Extraterrestrial Environment
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Molecular Sequence Annotation
MH  - Nerve Growth Factors/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - *Space Flight
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Up-Regulation/genetics
PMC - PMC3392276
COIS- Competing Interests: Toshimasa Ochiai is employed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. 
      There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. 
      This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on 
      sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.
EDAT- 2012/07/19 06:00
MHDA- 2013/03/21 06:00
PMCR- 2012/07/09
CRDT- 2012/07/19 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/05/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/07/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/07/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/03/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/07/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-12-12767 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0040112 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40112. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040112. Epub 2012 Jul 9.