PMID- 22811669
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121002
LR  - 20220309
IS  - 1663-9812 (Electronic)
IS  - 1663-9812 (Linking)
VI  - 3
DP  - 2012
TI  - Calcium Signaling and Gliotransmission in Normal vs. Reactive Astrocytes.
PG  - 139
LID - 10.3389/fphar.2012.00139 [doi]
LID - 139
AB  - A prominent area of neuroscience research over the past 20 years has been the 
      acute modulation of neuronal synaptic activity by Ca(2+)-dependent release of the 
      transmitters ATP, D-serine, and glutamate (called gliotransmitters) by 
      astrocytes. Although the physiological relevance of this mechanism is under 
      debate, emerging evidence suggests that there are critical factors in addition to 
      Ca(2+) that are required for gliotransmitters to be released from astrocytes. 
      Interestingly, these factors include activated microglia and the proinflammatory 
      cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFalpha), chemotactic cytokine Stromal 
      cell-Derived Factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha), and inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 
      (PGE(2)). Of note, microglial activation and release of inflammatory molecules 
      from activated microglia and reactive astrocytes can occur within minutes of a 
      triggering stimulus. Therefore, activation of astrocytes by inflammatory 
      molecules combined with Ca(2+) elevations may lead to gliotransmitter release, 
      and be an important step in the early sequence of events contributing to 
      hyperexcitability, excitotoxicity, and neurodegeneration in the damaged or 
      diseased brain. In this review, we will first examine evidence questioning 
      Ca(2+)-dependent gliotransmitter release from astrocytes in healthy brain tissue, 
      followed by a close examination of recent work suggesting that Ca(2+)-dependent 
      gliotransmitter release occurs as an early event in the development of 
      neurological disorders and neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
FAU - Agulhon, Cendra
AU  - Agulhon C
AD  - UFR Biomedicale, CNRS UMR 8154, Universite Paris Descartes Paris, France.
FAU - Sun, Min-Yu
AU  - Sun MY
FAU - Murphy, Thomas
AU  - Murphy T
FAU - Myers, Timothy
AU  - Myers T
FAU - Lauderdale, Kelli
AU  - Lauderdale K
FAU - Fiacco, Todd A
AU  - Fiacco TA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20120713
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Pharmacol
JT  - Frontiers in pharmacology
JID - 101548923
PMC - PMC3395812
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gq GPCR
OT  - IP3R
OT  - TNFalpha
OT  - glia
OT  - inflammation
OT  - microglia
OT  - neurodegenerative disease
OT  - neurological disorder
EDAT- 2012/07/20 06:00
MHDA- 2012/07/20 06:01
PMCR- 2012/07/13
CRDT- 2012/07/20 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/06/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/07/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/07/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/07/20 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2012/07/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fphar.2012.00139 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Pharmacol. 2012 Jul 13;3:139. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00139. eCollection 
      2012.