PMID- 22820675
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130319
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1878-4216 (Electronic)
IS  - 0278-5846 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012 Dec 3
TI  - N-acetylcysteine possesses antidepressant-like activity through reduction of 
      oxidative stress: behavioral and biochemical analyses in rats.
PG  - 280-7
LID - S0278-5846(12)00153-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.06.018 [doi]
AB  - The growing body of evidence implicates the significance of oxidative stress in 
      the pathophysiology of depression. The aim of this paper was to examine 
      N-acetylcysteine (NAC) - a putative precursor of the most important tissue 
      antioxidant glutathione - in an animal model of depression and in ex vivo assays 
      to detect oxidative stress parameters. Imipramine (IMI), a classical and 
      clinically-approved antidepressant drug was also under investigation. Male Wistar 
      rats which underwent either bulbectomy (BULB; removal of the olfactory bulbs) or 
      sham surgery (SHAM; olfactory bulbs were left undestroyed) were treated acutely 
      or repeatedly with NAC (50-100mg/kg, ip) or IMI (10mg/kg, ip). Following 10-daily 
      injections with NAC or IMI or their solvents, or 9-daily injections with a 
      corresponding solvent plus acute NAC or acute IMI forced swimming test on day 10, 
      and locomotor activity were performed; immediately after behavioral tests animals 
      were decapitated. Biochemical tests (the total antioxidant capacity - TAC and the 
      superoxide dismutase activity - SOD) were performed on homogenates in several 
      brain structures. In behavioral studies, chronic (but not acute) administration 
      of NAC resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the immobility time seen only in 
      BULB rats while chronic IMI produced a significant decrease in this parameter in 
      both SHAM and BULB animals. On the other hand, chronic administration of NAC and 
      IMI resulted in a significant increase in cellular antioxidant mechanisms (SOD 
      activity) that reversed the effects of BULB in the frontal cortex, hippocampus 
      and striatum. Our study further supports the antidepressant-like activity of NAC 
      and links its effect as well as IMI actions with the enhancement of brain SOD 
      activity.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Smaga, Irena
AU  - Smaga I
AD  - Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical 
      College, Krakow, Poland.
FAU - Pomierny, Bartosz
AU  - Pomierny B
FAU - Krzyzanowska, Weronika
AU  - Krzyzanowska W
FAU - Pomierny-Chamiolo, Lucyna
AU  - Pomierny-Chamiolo L
FAU - Miszkiel, Joanna
AU  - Miszkiel J
FAU - Niedzielska, Ewa
AU  - Niedzielska E
FAU - Ogorka, Agata
AU  - Ogorka A
FAU - Filip, Malgorzata
AU  - Filip M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120720
PL  - England
TA  - Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
JT  - Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
JID - 8211617
RN  - 0 (Antidepressive Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase)
RN  - OGG85SX4E4 (Imipramine)
RN  - WYQ7N0BPYC (Acetylcysteine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetylcysteine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Antioxidants/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Brain/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Depression/drug therapy
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drug Administration Schedule
MH  - Imipramine/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Immobility Response, Tonic/drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Motor Activity/drug effects
MH  - Olfactory Bulb/surgery
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
EDAT- 2012/07/24 06:00
MHDA- 2013/03/21 06:00
CRDT- 2012/07/24 06:00
PHST- 2012/06/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/06/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/06/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/07/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/07/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/03/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0278-5846(12)00153-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.06.018 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Dec 3;39(2):280-7. doi: 
      10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.06.018. Epub 2012 Jul 20.