PMID- 22865940
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 0049-6979 (Print)
IS  - 1573-2932 (Electronic)
IS  - 0049-6979 (Linking)
VI  - 223
IP  - 7
DP  - 2012 Sep
TI  - Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Evaluation of Emission of 
      Enterobacteriaceae from Sewage to the Air and Surface Water.
PG  - 4039-4046
AB  - The number of Enterobacteriaceae, with particular attention given to the presence 
      of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, was determined in hospital 
      effluents and municipal wastewater after various stages of purification. The 
      emission of these microorganisms to the ambient air near wastewater treatment 
      plant (WWTP) facilities and to the river water, which is a receiver of the WWTP 
      effluent, was also studied using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 
      cultivation methods. The number of Enterobacteriaceae determined by cultivation 
      and fluorescence methods in different kinds of sewage sample ranged from 
      0.5 x 10(3) to 2.9 x 10(6) CFU/ml and from 2.2 x 10(5) to 1.3 x 10(8) cells/ml, 
      respectively. Their removal rates during treatment processes were close to 99 %, 
      but the number of these bacteria in the WWTP outflow was quite high and ranged 
      from 5.9 x 10(3) to 3.5 x 10(4) CFU/ml and from 1.1 x 10(5) to 6.1 x 10(5) 
      cells/ml, respectively. In the river water and the air samples, the number of 
      Enterobacteriaceae was also high and ranged from 4.1 x 10(3) to 
      7.9 x 10(3) CFU/ml and from 3 to 458 CFU/m(3), respectively. The numbers of these 
      microorganisms obtained from fluorescence and cultivation methods were 
      statistically and significantly correlated; however, the analysis of the studied 
      samples indicated that the FISH method gave values up to 10(3)-fold times greater 
      than those obtained by the cultivation method. From a sanitary point of view, 
      this means that the number of viable fecal bacteria is systematically 
      underestimated by traditional culture-based methods. Thus, the FISH proves to be 
      a method that could be used to estimate bacterial load, particularly in air 
      samples and less contaminated river water.
FAU - Korzeniewska, Ewa
AU  - Korzeniewska E
AD  - Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and 
      Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawochenskiego 1, 10-957 
      Olsztyn, Poland.
FAU - Harnisz, Monika
AU  - Harnisz M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20120426
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Water Air Soil Pollut
JT  - Water, air, and soil pollution
JID - 0312676
PMC - PMC3409368
EDAT- 2012/08/07 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/07 06:01
PMCR- 2012/04/26
CRDT- 2012/08/07 06:00
PHST- 2012/02/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/04/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/08/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/08/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2012/04/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1171 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11270-012-1171-z [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Air Soil Pollut. 2012 Sep;223(7):4039-4046. doi: 10.1007/s11270-012-1171-z. 
      Epub 2012 Apr 26.