PMID- 22890496
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140325
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1533-4287 (Electronic)
IS  - 1064-8011 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 6
DP  - 2013 Jun
TI  - A systematic review of the efficacy of ergogenic aids for improving running 
      performance.
PG  - 1699-707
LID - 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31826cad24 [doi]
AB  - Running is a common form of activity worldwide, and participants range from 
      "weekend warriors" to Olympians. Unfortunately, few studies have examined 
      efficacy of various ergogenic aids in runners because the majority of the 
      literature consists of cycling-based protocols, which do not relate to running 
      performance. The majority of running studies conducted markedly vary in regards 
      to specific distance completed, subject fitness level, and effectiveness of the 
      ergogenic aid examined. The aim of this article was to systematically examine the 
      literature concerning utility of several ergogenic aids on middle-distance 
      running (400-5,000 m) and long-distance running (10,000 meters marathon = 42.2 
      km) performance. In addition, this article highlights the dearth of 
      running-specific studies in the literature and addresses recommendations for 
      future research to optimize running performance through nutritional intervention. 
      Results revealed 23 studies examining effects of various ergogenic aids on 
      running performance, with a mean Physiotherapy Evidence Database score equal to 
      7.85 +/- 0.70. Of these studies, 71% (n = 15) demonstrated improved running 
      performance with ergogenic aid ingestion when compared with a placebo trial. The 
      most effective ergogenic aids for distances from 400 m to 40 km included sodium 
      bicarbonate (4 studies; 1.5 +/- 1.1% improvement), sodium citrate (6 studies; 0.3 +/- 
      1.7% improvement), caffeine (CAFF) (7 studies; 1.1 +/- 0.4% improvement), and 
      carbohydrate (CHO) (6 studies; 4.1 +/- 4.4% improvement). Therefore, runners may 
      benefit from ingestion of sodium bicarbonate to enhance middle distance 
      performance and caffeine and carbohydrate to enhance performance at multiple 
      distances.
FAU - Schubert, Matthew M
AU  - Schubert MM
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Chico, California, USA. 
      m.schubert@griffith.edu.au
FAU - Astorino, Todd A
AU  - Astorino TA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Systematic Review
PL  - United States
TA  - J Strength Cond Res
JT  - Journal of strength and conditioning research
JID - 9415084
RN  - 0 (Citrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Performance-Enhancing Substances)
RN  - 1Q73Q2JULR (Sodium Citrate)
RN  - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine)
RN  - 8MDF5V39QO (Sodium Bicarbonate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Athletic Performance/*physiology
MH  - Caffeine/administration & dosage
MH  - Citrates/administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage
MH  - *Dietary Supplements
MH  - Humans
MH  - Performance-Enhancing Substances/*administration & dosage
MH  - Running/*physiology
MH  - Sodium Bicarbonate/administration & dosage
MH  - Sodium Citrate
EDAT- 2012/08/15 06:00
MHDA- 2014/03/26 06:00
CRDT- 2012/08/15 06:00
PHST- 2012/08/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/08/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/03/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31826cad24 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Jun;27(6):1699-707. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31826cad24.