PMID- 22898471
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131212
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1573-2517 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-0327 (Linking)
VI  - 149
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 2013 Jul
TI  - Increased autoimmune responses against auto-epitopes modified by oxidative and 
      nitrosative damage in depression: implications for the pathways to chronic 
      depression and neuroprogression.
PG  - 23-9
LID - S0165-0327(12)00502-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.039 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that major depression is characterized by oxidative 
      and nitrosative stress (O&NS). The aim of this study is to examine IgM-mediated 
      autoimmune responses against a variety of modified neo-epitopes formed by O&NS 
      damage to self-epitopes in chronic depression. METHODS: Serum IgM antibodies 
      directed against conjugated oleic and azelaic acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), 
      phosphatidyl inositol (Pi), and conjugated nitric-oxide (NO) adducts, i.e., 
      NO-tryptophan, NO-tyrosine, NO-arginine, and NO-cysteinyl, were determined in 33 
      healthy controls and 74 depressed patients subdivided into 28 patients with 
      chronic (duration >2 year) and 46 without chronic depression. RESULTS: Serum IgM 
      levels against all neoepitopes were significantly higher in depressed patients 
      than in healthy controls. Moreover, the IgM levels were significantly higher, 
      except Pi, in chronically depressed patients than in non-chronically depressed 
      patients. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is characterized by IgM-related autoimmune 
      responses directed against neo-epitopes that are normally hidden from the immune 
      system but that became immunogenic secondary to damage by O&NS. The results show 
      that the generation of neoantigenic determinants that lead to (auto)immune 
      responses is strongly associated with chronic depression. DISCUSSION: The damage 
      caused by O&NS to auto-epitopes and the consequent formation of O&NS modified 
      neoantigenic determinants may increase the risk to develop depression and in 
      particular chronic depression through transition to autoimmune reactions. This 
      has implications for understanding the immuno-inflammatory and 
      oxidative-autoimmune pathways that lead to chronic depression and 
      neuroprogression in that illness.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Maes, Michael
AU  - Maes M
AD  - Maes Clinics @ TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand. dr.michaelmaes@hotmail.com
FAU - Kubera, Marta
AU  - Kubera M
FAU - Mihaylova, Ivana
AU  - Mihaylova I
FAU - Geffard, Michel
AU  - Geffard M
FAU - Galecki, Piotr
AU  - Galecki P
FAU - Leunis, Jean-Clude
AU  - Leunis JC
FAU - Berk, Michael
AU  - Berk M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20120813
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Affect Disord
JT  - Journal of affective disorders
JID - 7906073
RN  - 0 (Epitopes)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin M)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Autoimmunity/immunology
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Depressive Disorder, Major/blood/*immunology
MH  - Epitopes/*immunology
MH  - Fatty Acids/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin M/blood/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nitric Oxide/immunology
MH  - Oxidative Stress/immunology
EDAT- 2012/08/18 06:00
MHDA- 2013/12/18 06:00
CRDT- 2012/08/18 06:00
PHST- 2012/04/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/06/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/06/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/08/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/08/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/12/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0165-0327(12)00502-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.039 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Affect Disord. 2013 Jul;149(1-3):23-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.039. Epub 
      2012 Aug 13.