PMID- 22939609
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140414
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 463-464
DP  - 2013 Oct 1
TI  - Levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs in human milk among Hong Kong 
      mothers.
PG  - 1230-8
LID - S0048-9697(12)01062-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.097 [doi]
AB  - Dioxins are a family of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) listed under the 
      Stockholm Convention, and include PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs. These toxic 
      chemicals are carcinogenic, widely dispersed, and have long half-lives. They have 
      contaminated the food web and, being fat-soluble, accumulate in adipose tissues 
      and milk in the human body. To assess human exposure, we collected breast milk 
      samples from 137 first-time mothers recruited from around Hong Kong. Samples were 
      analysed by HRGC-HRMS in four pools, according to the subject's age and length of 
      residency. Exposure was related to age, duration of stay, and possibly diet. 
      Generally, older mothers, and mothers with a longer stay in Hong Kong, had higher 
      levels of dioxins in their milk. This pattern was clearest for the PCBs, although 
      deviations were observed for some of the PCDD/Fs. Mean concentrations, measured 
      per gram of lipid weight in terms of WHO toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQs), were 7.48 
      pg/g for PCDD/Fs and 3.79 pg/g for PCBs, giving a total of 11.27 pg/g for PCDD/Fs 
      and PCBs combined. Compared to an earlier Hong Kong study we conducted in 2002, 
      the mean WHO-TEQ values in our latest findings were about 9% lower overall for 
      PCDD/Fs and 19% lower for PCBs, with the mean total WHO-TEQ for PCDD/Fs and PCBs 
      being around 13% lower in this study. This indicates a general declining trend in 
      the levels of POPs in Hong Kong. However, our levels were still high when 
      compared to those in some other Asian-Pacific countries. More stringent policies 
      on reducing and eliminating POPs should help to lower these. Continued 
      surveillance for POPs in human milk, as well as in common foodstuffs, will 
      provide us with important information on human exposures that will be necessary 
      for tracking our progress, and making future health risk assessments.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wong, Tze Wai
AU  - Wong TW
AD  - School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 
      Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
FAU - Wong, Andromeda H S
AU  - Wong AH
FAU - Nelson, E Anthony S
AU  - Nelson EA
FAU - Qiu, Hong
AU  - Qiu H
FAU - Ku, Susanna Y K
AU  - Ku SY
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120830
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Dioxins)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Diet/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Dioxins/analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Hong Kong/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/*analogs & derivatives/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 2,4,5-T
OT  - 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
OT  - 7-Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (can also refer to the induction test using this 
      enzyme)
OT  - Diet
OT  - Dioxins
OT  - EROD
OT  - HRGC
OT  - HRMS
OT  - Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
OT  - Heptachlorodibenzofuran
OT  - Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
OT  - Hexachlorodibenzofuran
OT  - High-resolution gas chromatography
OT  - High-resolution mass spectroscopy
OT  - Hong Kong
OT  - HpCDD
OT  - HpCDF
OT  - Human milk
OT  - HxCDD
OT  - HxCDF
OT  - I-TEF
OT  - International toxic equivalency factor
OT  - LOQ
OT  - Limit of quantification
OT  - MCHC
OT  - Maternal and Child Health Centre
OT  - OCDD
OT  - OCDF
OT  - Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
OT  - Octachlorodibenzofuran
OT  - PBT
OT  - PCB
OT  - PCBs
OT  - PCDD
OT  - PCDF
OT  - POP
OT  - PTFE
OT  - PeCDD
OT  - PeCDF
OT  - Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
OT  - Pentachlorodibenzofuran
OT  - Persistent organic pollutant
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
OT  - Polybutylene terephthalate
OT  - Polychlorinated biphenyl
OT  - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin
OT  - Polychlorinated dibenzofuran
OT  - Polytetrafluoroethylene
OT  - TCDD
OT  - TCDF
OT  - TEF
OT  - TEQ
OT  - Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
OT  - Tetrachlorodibenzofuran
OT  - Toxic equivalency factor
OT  - Toxic equivalent
OT  - UNEP
OT  - United Nations Environment Programme
OT  - WHO
OT  - World Health Organization
EDAT- 2012/09/04 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/15 06:00
CRDT- 2012/09/04 06:00
PHST- 2012/03/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/07/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/07/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/09/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/09/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(12)01062-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.097 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2013 Oct 1;463-464:1230-8. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.097. Epub 2012 Aug 30.