PMID- 22939999
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130909
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1873-7064 (Electronic)
IS  - 0028-3908 (Linking)
VI  - 68
DP  - 2013 May
TI  - Maternal deprivation effects on brain plasticity and recognition memory in 
      adolescent male and female rats.
PG  - 223-31
LID - S0028-3908(12)00450-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.08.014 [doi]
AB  - Data from both human and animal studies suggest that exposure to stressful life 
      events at neonatal stages may increase the risk of psychopathology at adulthood. 
      In particular, early maternal deprivation, 24 h at postnatal day (pnd) 9, has 
      been associated with persistent neurobehavioural changes similar to those present 
      in developmental psychopathologies such as depression and schizophrenic-related 
      disorders. Most neuropsychiatric disorders first appear during adolescence, 
      however, the effects of MD on adolescent animals' brain and behaviour have been 
      scarcely explored. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the emotional 
      and cognitive consequences of MD in adolescent male and female rats, as well as 
      possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms within frontal cortex and 
      hippocampus. Animals were exposed to a battery of behavioural tasks, from pnd 35 
      to 42, to evaluate cognitive [spontaneous alternation task (SAT) and novel object 
      test (NOT)] and anxiety-related responses [elevated plus maze (EPM)] during 
      adolescence. Changes in neuronal and glial cells, alterations in synaptic 
      plasticity as well as modifications in cannabinoid receptor expression were 
      investigated in a parallel group of control and adolescent (pnd 40) male and 
      female animals. Notably, MD induced a significant impairment in recognition 
      memory exclusively among females. A generalized decrease in NeuN expression was 
      found in MD animals, together with an increase in hippocampal glial fibrillar 
      acidic protein (GFAP) expression exclusively among MD adolescent males. In 
      addition, MD induced in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of male and female 
      adolescent rats a significant reduction in brain derived neurotrophic factor 
      (BDNF) and postsynaptic density (PSD95) levels, together with a decrease in 
      synaptophysin in frontal cortex and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in 
      hippocampus. MD induced, in animals of both sexes, a significant reduction in 
      CB1R expression, but an increase in CB2R that was statistically significant only 
      for the frontal cortex. Taken together, these results indicate that adolescent 
      females are more vulnerable than males to the cognitive deficits derived from MD 
      despite the changes in neural cells, cannabinoid receptors, as well as the 
      reduction in neural plasticity seem to be similar in both sexes. Further 
      investigation is needed to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying 
      the sexual dimorphisms associated to the MD effects, and thus, for a better 
      understanding of the specific sex-dependent vulnerabilities to early life stress. 
      This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neurodevelopmental 
      Disorders'.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Marco, Eva M
AU  - Marco EM
AD  - Departamento de Fisiologia (Fisiologia Animal II), Facultad de Ciencias 
      Biologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigacion 
      Sanitaria del Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Valero, Manuel
AU  - Valero M
FAU - de la Serna, Oscar
AU  - de la Serna O
FAU - Aisa, Barbara
AU  - Aisa B
FAU - Borcel, Erika
AU  - Borcel E
FAU - Ramirez, Maria Javier
AU  - Ramirez MJ
FAU - Viveros, Maria-Paz
AU  - Viveros MP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20120824
PL  - England
TA  - Neuropharmacology
JT  - Neuropharmacology
JID - 0236217
RN  - 0 (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
RN  - 0 (Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules)
RN  - 0 (Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1)
RN  - 0 (Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/physiology
MH  - Brain/metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - *Maternal Deprivation
MH  - Maze Learning/physiology
MH  - Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
MH  - Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
MH  - Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
MH  - Recognition, Psychology/*physiology
MH  - Stress, Psychological/metabolism/*physiopathology
EDAT- 2012/09/04 06:00
MHDA- 2013/09/10 06:00
CRDT- 2012/09/04 06:00
PHST- 2012/03/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/08/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/08/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/09/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/09/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/09/10 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0028-3908(12)00450-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.08.014 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuropharmacology. 2013 May;68:223-31. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.08.014. 
      Epub 2012 Aug 24.