PMID- 22957428
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120925
LR  - 20120910
IS  - 1128-3602 (Print)
IS  - 1128-3602 (Linking)
VI  - 16 Suppl 3
DP  - 2012 Jul
TI  - Immunological and physiological parameters of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails 
      exposed to Azadirachta indica plant.
PG  - 133-43
AB  - BACKGROUND: Plant molluscicides could be appropriate for snail control measures 
      against schistosomiasis in endemic areas. OBJECTIVES: The present study was 
      undertaken to evaluate the immunological and physiological responses of 
      Biomphalaria (B.) alexandrina snails to the effect of methanol extract of 
      Azadirachta (A.) indica plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Haemolymph samples were 
      collected from snails treated with LC25 from methanol extract for 1 month and 
      untreated snails. The collected haemolymph samples from treated and untreated 
      snails with tested plant were used for flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle. 
      RESULTS: The obtained results indicated that hemolymph samples from B. 
      alexandrina snails contained two morphologically distinct types of hemocytes, 
      designated as Hyalinocyte and Granulocyte cells. In addition, the number of both 
      snail's hyalinocytes and granulocytes and the mortality rate was significantly 
      increased with treatment with A. indica extract. Phagocytosis in group treated 
      with tested plant was highly significant increased than control one indicating a 
      highly increase response of snail against the treatment. The lipid peroxide and 
      glucose levels in hemolymph of treated snails were elevated while the protein and 
      glycogen contents showed a decrease in soft tissues when compared with the 
      control group. In addition, the activity level of some enzymes representing 
      glycolytic enzymes as hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase 
      (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI); 
      glycogenolytic enzymes as glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase 
      (G-6-Pase); gluconeogenic enzymes as fructose-1-6 diphosphatase (F-D-P ase), 
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was also significantly reduced in 
      response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the application of 
      methanol extracts of A. indica plant may be helpful in snail control as it 
      interferes with the snails'immunology and physiology.
FAU - Bakry, F A
AU  - Bakry FA
AD  - Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz 
      Research Institute, Giza, Egypt. fayezbakery@yahoo.com
FAU - El-Hommossany, K
AU  - El-Hommossany K
FAU - Mossalem, H S
AU  - Mossalem HS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Italy
TA  - Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
JT  - European review for medical and pharmacological sciences
JID - 9717360
RN  - 0 (Molluscacides)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Azadirachta/*chemistry
MH  - Biomphalaria/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Cell Cycle/drug effects
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Granulocytes/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Hemocytes/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Hemolymph/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Molluscacides/*pharmacology
MH  - Phagocytosis/drug effects
MH  - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2012/09/11 06:00
MHDA- 2012/09/26 06:00
CRDT- 2012/09/11 06:00
PHST- 2012/09/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/09/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/09/26 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012 Jul;16 Suppl 3:133-43.