PMID- 22963286
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130326
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 46
IP  - 20
DP  - 2012 Oct 16
TI  - Uptake and effects of microplastics on cells and tissue of the blue mussel 
      Mytilus edulis L. after an experimental exposure.
PG  - 11327-35
LID - 10.1021/es302332w [doi]
AB  - In this study, we investigated if industrial high-density polyethylene (HDPE) 
      particles, a model microplastic free of additives, ranging > 0-80 mum are ingested 
      and taken up into the cells and tissue of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. The 
      effects of exposure (up to 96 h) and plastic ingestion were observed at the 
      cellular and subcellular level. Microplastic uptake into the gills and digestive 
      gland was analyzed by a new method using polarized light microscopy. Mussel 
      health status was investigated incorporating histological assessment and 
      cytochemical biomarkers of toxic effects and early warning. In addition to being 
      drawn into the gills, HDPE particles were taken up into the stomach and 
      transported into the digestive gland where they accumulated in the lysosomal 
      system after 3 h of exposure. Our results show notable histological changes upon 
      uptake and a strong inflammatory response demonstrated by the formation of 
      granulocytomas after 6 h and lysosomal membrane destabilization, which 
      significantly increased with longer exposure times. We provide proof of principle 
      that microplastics are taken up into cells and cause significant effects on the 
      tissue and cellular level, which can be assessed with standard cytochemical 
      biomarkers and polarized light microscopy for microplastic tracking in tissue.
FAU - von Moos, Nadia
AU  - von Moos N
AD  - University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 
      Basel, Switzerland. nadia.vonmoos@unige.ch
FAU - Burkhardt-Holm, Patricia
AU  - Burkhardt-Holm P
FAU - Kohler, Angela
AU  - Kohler A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120927
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
MH  - Gills/*metabolism
MH  - Mytilus edulis/metabolism
MH  - Plastics/*metabolism/toxicity
MH  - Polyethylene/metabolism/toxicity
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*metabolism/toxicity
EDAT- 2012/09/12 06:00
MHDA- 2013/03/27 06:00
CRDT- 2012/09/12 06:00
PHST- 2012/09/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/09/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/03/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/es302332w [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Oct 16;46(20):11327-35. doi: 10.1021/es302332w. Epub 
      2012 Sep 27.