PMID- 22964313
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130213
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 2542-5641 (Electronic)
IS  - 0366-6999 (Linking)
VI  - 125
IP  - 18
DP  - 2012 Sep
TI  - Clinical significance of pain in patients with chronic heart failure.
PG  - 3223-7
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of studies investigating the clinical and 
      biochemical characteristics of pain in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. This 
      study aimed to determine the clinical and biochemical characteristics and 
      outcomes in Chinese patients with CHF and symptoms of pain. METHODS: 
      Sociodemographics, serum levels of creatinine, NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity 
      C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 
      and IL-10, and two-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricular ejection 
      fraction (LVEF) were determined in 305 patients with CHF. A questionnaire packet 
      including the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the Minnesota Living with Heart 
      Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) was used to assess the degree of pain rated on a 0 
      - 10 scale and the quality of life (QOL). A six-minute walking test was performed 
      during routine clinic visits. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were recorded; 
      including all-cause or cardiac mortality and rehospitalization because of 
      myocardial infarction, worsening heart failure or stroke at follow-up. RESULTS: 
      Pain occurred in 25.6% of CHF patients, and was more common when the New York 
      Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was worse. More patients with pain were 
      female in gender, and had more co-morbidities, lower LVEF, and shorter distance 
      during the 6-minute walking test. Despite similar serum levels of creatinine, 
      N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), IL-6 and IL-10, 
      the TNF-alpha levels were higher and MLHFQ scores were greater in CHF patients with 
      pain. At follow-up, CHF patients with moderate to severe pain (>/= 4 scale) had 
      higher rates of all-cause and cardiac mortality and rehospitalization because of 
      myocardial infarction, worsening heart failure or stroke. Multivariate regression 
      analysis revealed that the presence of pain was an independent risk factor for 
      MACE and reduced QOL in CHF patients. CONCLUSIONS: Pain occurs in all stages of 
      the CHF trajectory, and its incidence increases as clinical functional status is 
      worsened. The presence of pain exerts a negative impact on clinical outcome and 
      QOL in patients with CHF.
FAU - Gan, Qian
AU  - Gan Q
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 
      Shanghai, China.
FAU - Zhang, Feng-ru
AU  - Zhang FR
FAU - Zhou, Qing-fen
AU  - Zhou QF
FAU - Dai, Li-ying
AU  - Dai LY
FAU - Liu, Ye-hong
AU  - Liu YH
FAU - Chai, Xi-chen
AU  - Chai XC
FAU - Wu, Fang
AU  - Wu F
FAU - Shen, Wei-feng
AU  - Shen WF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - China
TA  - Chin Med J (Engl)
JT  - Chinese medical journal
JID - 7513795
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10)
RN  - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
MH  - Echocardiography
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Failure/*metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interleukin-10/blood
MH  - Interleukin-6/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Pain/*metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
EDAT- 2012/09/12 06:00
MHDA- 2013/02/14 06:00
CRDT- 2012/09/12 06:00
PHST- 2012/09/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/09/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/02/14 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Sep;125(18):3223-7.