PMID- 22968475
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130307
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 9
DP  - 2012 Sep 11
TI  - Antiproliferation and induction of apoptosis in Ca9-22 oral cancer cells by 
      ethanolic extract of Gracilaria tenuistipitata.
PG  - 10916-27
LID - 10.3390/molecules170910916 [doi]
AB  - The water extract of Gracilaria tenuistipitata have been found to be protective 
      against oxidative stress-induced cellular DNA damage, but the biological function 
      of the ethanolic extracts of G. tenuistipitata (EEGT) is still unknown. In this 
      study, the effect of EEGT on oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) Ca9-22 cell line 
      was examined in terms of the cell proliferation and oxidative stress responses. 
      The cell viability of EEGT-treated OSCC cells was significantly reduced in a 
      dose-response manner (p < 0.0001). The annexin V intensity and pan-caspase 
      activity of EEGT-treated OSCC cells were significantly increased in a 
      dose-response manner (p < 0.05 to 0.0001). EEGT significantly increased the 
      reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (p < 0.0001) and decreased the glutathione 
      (GSH) level (p < 0.01) in a dose-response manner. The mitochondrial membrane 
      potential (MMP) of EEGT-treated OSCC cells was significantly decreased in a 
      dose-response manner (p < 0.005). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that EEGT 
      induced the growth inhibition and apoptosis of OSCC cells, which was accompanied 
      by ROS increase, GSH depletion, caspase activation, and mitochondrial 
      depolarization. Therefore, EEGT may have potent antitumor effect against oral 
      cancer cells.
FAU - Yeh, Chi-Chen
AU  - Yeh CC
AD  - Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 
      807, Taiwan.
FAU - Tseng, Chao-Neng
AU  - Tseng CN
FAU - Yang, Jing-Iong
AU  - Yang JI
FAU - Huang, Hurng-Wern
AU  - Huang HW
FAU - Fang, Yi
AU  - Fang Y
FAU - Tang, Jen-Yang
AU  - Tang JY
FAU - Chang, Fang-Rong
AU  - Chang FR
FAU - Chang, Hsueh-Wei
AU  - Chang HW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120911
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspases)
RN  - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/*pharmacology
MH  - Apoptosis/*drug effects
MH  - Caspases/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Cell Proliferation/*drug effects
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Ethanol
MH  - Glutathione/analysis
MH  - *Gracilaria
MH  - Humans
MH  - Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/*drug effects
MH  - Mitochondria/drug effects
MH  - Mouth Neoplasms/*drug therapy
MH  - Oxidative Stress/drug effects
MH  - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
PMC - PMC6269058
EDAT- 2012/09/13 06:00
MHDA- 2013/03/08 06:00
PMCR- 2012/09/11
CRDT- 2012/09/13 06:00
PHST- 2012/08/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/09/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/09/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/09/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/09/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/03/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/09/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules170910916 [pii]
AID - molecules-17-10916 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules170910916 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2012 Sep 11;17(9):10916-27. doi: 10.3390/molecules170910916.