PMID- 22975437
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130314
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1872-6240 (Electronic)
IS  - 0006-8993 (Linking)
VI  - 1480
DP  - 2012 Oct 22
TI  - Behavioral changes after maternal separation are reversed by chronic constant 
      light treatment.
PG  - 61-71
LID - S0006-8993(12)01160-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.013 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Rats subjected to maternal separation display behavioral alterations 
      (e.g. increased immobility in the forced swim test) and molecular changes (e.g. 
      in growth factors and related signal transduction proteins). Light treatment has 
      previously been shown to have antidepressant effects in rat models of depression, 
      but has not been studied in a rodent model of maternal separation. METHODS: This 
      study focused on maternally separated rat pups. The aim of this study was to 
      compare the effects of chronic constant light exposure during adolescence with 
      the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), escitalopram. Behavioral 
      changes (exploratory activity in the open field and elevated plus maze, 22 kHz 
      ultrasonic vocalizations, immobility in the forced swim test) and molecular 
      changes (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), mitogen-activated protein 
      kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in the ventral hippocampus, and mu-opioid receptors 
      in the nucleus accumbens) were measured. RESULTS: Animals that had been subjected 
      to maternal separation displayed an increased number and duration of 22 kHz 
      vocalizations, increased immobility in the forced swim test, increased 
      hippocampal BDNF, and decreased mu-opioid receptor levels in the nucleus 
      accumbens in adulthood compared to controls. MKP-1 levels in the ventral 
      hippocampus were not affected. After chronic light treatment, there was 
      normalization of ultrasonic vocalizations, immobility on the forced swim test, 
      and mu-opioid receptor levels in the nucleus accumbens. Chronic saline treatment 
      reduced anxiety-like behavior and immobility in the forced swim test. 
      Escitalopram did not have any significant effect in this rat model of depression. 
      CONCLUSION: Chronic constant light treatment reversed a number of the behavioral 
      and molecular effects of maternal separation. Light-induced up-regulation of 
      mu-opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens may play a key role in mediating 
      such effects.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Dimatelis, J J
AU  - Dimatelis JJ
AD  - Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 
      Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa. jacqueline.dimatelis@uct.ac.za
FAU - Stein, D J
AU  - Stein DJ
FAU - Russell, V A
AU  - Russell VA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120910
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Brain Res
JT  - Brain research
JID - 0045503
RN  - 0 (Antidepressive Agents)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Opioid, mu)
RN  - 0DHU5B8D6V (Citalopram)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.48 (Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Citalopram/pharmacology
MH  - Depressive Disorder/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Hippocampus/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - *Lighting
MH  - Male
MH  - *Maternal Deprivation
MH  - Motor Activity/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
MH  - Swimming
EDAT- 2012/09/15 06:00
MHDA- 2013/03/15 06:00
CRDT- 2012/09/15 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/07/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/07/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/09/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/09/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/03/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0006-8993(12)01160-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Brain Res. 2012 Oct 22;1480:61-71. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.013. Epub 2012 
      Sep 10.